BZ1006 - L2 Biological Diversity

Question 1

When was water 1st thought to appear on Earth?

Answer 1

3,900,000 years ago

3.9 billion years ago

Question 2

Where did Earths first water come from?

Answer 2

Liquid pockets in the earth after earth cooled and gasses condensed

Question 3

When did Earth begin?

Answer 3

Between 3.5 and 4.0 billioin years ago

Question 4

For how long were Earths only organisms microscopic and mostly unicellular? (%)

Answer 4

The first 3/4 of evolutionary history

Question 5

What were the earliest organisms on earth?

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

Question 6

When did procaryotes dominate earth?

Answer 6

from 3.5 - 2.0 billion years ago

Question 7

Prokaryotes diverged into what 2 evolutionary branches?

Answer 7

Bacteria and archaea

Question 8

What are the 2 types of cells that from the structual and functional unit of an organism?

Answer 8

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 9

True or False?

Prokaryotes are complex multi celled organisms

Answer 9

False

They are simple and single celled

Question 10

True or False?

Prokaryotes are genetically diverse

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False?

Prokaryotes are mircoscopic but are many in number

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Where does a phototroph obtain energy from?

Answer 12

Light

Question 13

Where does a chemotroph obtain energy from?

Answer 13

Chemicals

Question 14

Autotrophs require what chemical?

Answer 14

They require C02 as a carbon source

Question 15

Hetrotrophs require ___ to make organic compounds?

Answer 15

An organic nutrient

Question 16

Which domain of prokaryotes can live in extreme conditions and what are these called?

Answer 16

Archaea that are called extremophiles

Question 17

What are extremophile that live in highly salene (salty) environments called?

Answer 17

(Archaea) Extreme halophiles

Question 18

What are extremophile that live in very hot environments called?

Answer 18

(Archaea) Extreme thermophiles

Question 19

What type of extremophile can survive in crystalised salt?

Answer 19

(Archaea) Extreme halophiles

Question 20

Are methanogens prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

Answer 20

Prokaryotes

Question 21

True or False?

Methanogens require oxygen to survive

Answer 21

False

Oxygen poisons methanogens

Question 22

What do methanogens produce?

Answer 22

Methane

Question 23

What 2 places are methanogens found?

Answer 23

Wetlands and guts of animals

Question 24

Where does methane escape ruminents?

Answer 24

In belching

Question 25

Where does methane escape humans?

Answer 25

In flatulance

Question 26

What plays a a crutial role in anaerobic wastewater treatment? A) Extreme halophiles B) Methanogens C) Bacteria

Answer 26

B) Mathanogens

Question 27

Define Symbiosis

Answer 27

An ecological relationship between 2 different species that live together in direct and intimate contact

Question 28

Define Symbiotic mutualism

Answer 28

A symbyotic relationship in which both participants benefit

Question 29

Define Symbiotic Commensalism

Answer 29

A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed

Question 30

Define Symiotic Parasitism

Answer 30

A symiotic relationship in which one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of another (host) by living within or on the host

Question 31

What type of bacteria is responsible for photosynthesis in plants

Answer 31

Cyanobacteria

Question 32

What are 2 examples of bacteria mutualisms?

Answer 32

1) Rhyzobia forming root nodules on legumes fixing atmospheric nitrogen 2) Ruminant and animal guts allowing for the digestion of cellulose

Question 33

What are 2 examples of bacteria parasitism?

Answer 33

1) Salmonella which produces food poisioning in humans | 2) Staph in animals and humans (causing infections?)

Question 34

What bacteria causes decomposition in organic materials?

Answer 34

Actinobacteria

Question 35

What bacteria is the cause of the smell detected as rain falls after dry spells? (known as Petrichor)

Answer 35

Actinobacteria

Question 36

How long does it take for a prokaryote to reproduce?

Answer 36

1-3 hours

Question 37

Quick reproductive cycles allow for what?

Answer 37

Rapid evolution