//c/1/./2//

Question 1

1. What is coal made of?

Answer 1

mainly carbon

Question 2

2. What are petrol, diesel fuel and fuel oil are mainly compounds of?

Answer 2

Hydrogen and carbon (hydrocarbons)

Question 3

3. What is the process of burning ?

Answer 3

• it is also known as combustion

- it is a type of chemical reaction

Question 4

3. What happens when fuels burn?

Answer 4

Atoms of carbon and/or hydrogen from the fuel combine with atoms of oxygen from the air to produce carbon dioxide and/or water (hydrogen oxide)
(oxidation of carbon/hydrogen to produce carbon dioxide/water)

Question 5

4. What is oxidation?

Answer 5

A substance chemically combining with oxygen

oxygen is added

Question 6

4. What is reduction?

Answer 6

Where oxygen is lost

Question 7

4. What process do combustion reactions involve?

Answer 7

Oxidation

Question 8

5. Where do fuels burn more rapidly?

Answer 8

Fuels burn more rapidly in pure oxygen than in air

Question 9

6. Where can oxygen be obtained from?

What are they kept in?

Answer 9

The atmosphere

Kept in pressurised cylinders

Question 10

6. What can oxygen be used to support combustion in?

Answer 10

It can be used in oxy-fuel welding torches, where the oxygen allows fuel to burn more rapidly so a higher temperature can be reached

Question 11

7. In a chemical reaction what are the properties like in the reactants and the products?

Answer 11

-in a chemical reaction the properties of the reactants and products are different

Question 12

8. What happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?

Answer 12

-atoms are rearranged

Question 13

10. During the course of a chemical reaction what happens to the numbers of atoms of each element in reactants and products?

Answer 13

-the same in the products as in the reactants

Question 14

10. What happens to mass in a chemical reaction?

Answer 14

-no mass is lost, it is conserved

Question 15

11. What is produced when a fuel containing sulfur is burnt?

Answer 15

-sulfur dioxide (SO2) is produced (this is a pollutant)

Question 16

11. How is sulfur dioxide formed when a fuel containing sulfur is burnt?

Answer 16

-when the sulfur atoms burn, they combine with oxygen in the air to produce the pollutant sulfur dioxide

Question 17

12. How does burning fossil fuels in power stations and for transport pollute the atmosphere with the following pollutants?

Answer 17

-carbon dioxide
-sulfur dioxide
[In burning (combustion) carbon from the fossil fuels reacts with oxygen ]

carbon monoxide
particulate carbon
[from incomplete burning]

nitrogen oxides
[from the reaction between atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen at the high temperatures inside engines]

Question 18

12. What is the formula for carbon dioxide

Answer 18

CO2

Question 19

12. What is the formula for carbon monoxide

Answer 19

CO

Question 20

12. What is the formula for sulfur dioxide

Answer 20

SO2

Question 21

12/14. What is the formula for nitrogen monoxide

Answer 21

NO

Question 22

12/14. What is the formula for nitrogen dioxide

Answer 22

NO2

Question 23

12. What is the formula for water

Answer 23

H20

Question 24

14. How is nitrogen monoxide formed?

Answer 24

atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen combine in high temperatures like in car engines

Question 25

14. How is nitrogen dioxide formed?

Answer 25

-nitrogen monoxide reacts with more oxygen (is oxidised)

Question 26

14. What are NO and NO2 jointly referred to as?

Answer 26

-NOx

Question 27

15. What happens to atmospheric pollutants in the atmosphere?

Answer 27

-atmospheric pollutants cannot just disappear, they have to go somewhere

Question 28

15. What are examples of where atmospheric pollutants go when the leave the atmosphere?

Answer 28

particulate carbon
-is deposited on surfaces, making them dirty

sulfur dioxide
nitrogen dioxide
-reacts with water and oxygen to produce acid rain which is harmful to the environment

carbon dioxide

• is used by plants in photosynthesis
• dissolves in rain water and in sea water