C. 25 wor-def (War)

Question 1

Triple Alliance

Answer 1

The alliance of Austria, Germany, and Italy. Italy left the alliance when war broke out in 1914 on the grounds that Austria had launched a war of aggression.

Question 2

Triple Entente

Answer 2

The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia prior to and during the First World War.

Question 3

Schlieffen Plan

Answer 3

Failed German plan calling for a lightning attack through neutral Belgium and a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia.

Question 4

total war

Answer 4

A war in which distinctions between the soldiers on the battlefield and civilians at home are blurred, and where the government plans and controls economic and social life in order to supply the armies at the front with supplies and weapons.

Question 5

trench warfare

Answer 5

A type of fighting used in World War I behind rows of trenches, mines, and barbed wire; the cost in lives was staggering and the gains in territory minimal.

Question 6

February Revolution

Answer 6

Unplanned uprisings accompanied by violent street demonstrations begun in March 1917 (old calendar February) in Petrograd, Russia, that led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a provisional government.

Question 7

Petrograd Soviet

Answer 7

A huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals modeled on the revolutionary soviets of 1905.

Question 8

Bolsheviks

Answer 8

Lenin’s radical, revolutionary arm of the Russian party of Marxist socialism, which successfully installed a dictatorial socialist regime in Russia.

Question 9

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Answer 9

Peace treaty signed in March 1918 between the Central Powers and Russia that ended Russian participation in World War I and ceded Russian territories containing a third of the Russian Empire’s population to the Central Powers.

Question 10

War Communism

Answer 10

The application of centralized state control during the Russian civil war, in which the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.

Question 11

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 11

The 1919 peace settlement that ended war between Germany and the Allied powers.

Question 12

Fourteen Points

Answer 12

Wilson’s 1918 peace proposal calling for open diplomacy, a reduction in armaments, freedom of commerce and trade, the establishment of the League of Nations, and national self-determination.

Question 13

League of Nations

Answer 13

A permanent international organization, established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, designed to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.

Question 14

national self-determination

Answer 14

The notion that peoples should be able to choose their own national governments through democratic majority-rule elections and live free from outside interference in nation-states with clearly defined borders.

Question 15

war guilt clause

Answer 15

An article in the Treaty of Versailles that declared that Germany (with Austria) was solely responsible for the war and had to pay reparations equal to all civilian damages caused by the fighting.

Question 16

mandate system

Answer 16

The plan to allow Britain and France to administer former Ottoman territories, put into place after the end of the First World War.

Question 17

Balfour Declaration

Answer 17

A 1917 British statement that declared British support of a National Home for the Jewish People in Palestine.

Question 18

Kaiser William II (Hohenzollern)

Answer 18

the last German emperor and king of Prussia from 15 June 1888 until his abdication on 9 November 1918

Question 19

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Answer 19

the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.

Question 20

Georges Jacques Clemenceau

Answer 20

was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909 and again from 1917 until 1920, most notably successfully leading France through the end of the First World War.

Question 21

Tsar/Czar Nicholas II (Romanov)

Answer 21

last Tsar of the Russian Empire who ruled between 1894 and 1917

Question 22

Black Hand

Answer 22

Killed the archduke of Austria, being one of the greatest causes for WWI

Question 23

Alfred von Schlieffen

Answer 23

a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906, created the Schlieffen Plan

Question 24

Gregori Rasputin

Answer 24

a Russian mystic and self-proclaimed holy man. He is best-known for having befriended the royal family of Nicholas II, the last Emperor of Russia, through whom he gained considerable influence in the later years of the Russian Empire

Question 25

Vladimir Lenin

Answer 25

a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924

Question 26

Leon Trotsky

Answer 26

a Russian revolutionary, political theorist and Soviet politician. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Trotskyism

Question 27

David Lloyd George

Answer 27

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922

Question 28

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 28

American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 192

Question 29

King Faisal

Answer 29

the first ever Saudi Arabian royal to visit England. His visit lasted for five months, and he met with British officials. During the same period, he also visited France, again being the first Saudi Arabian royal to pay an official visit there.

Question 30

Central Powers

Answer 30

one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918). It consisted of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria and was also known as the Quadruple Alliance.

Question 31

Battle of the Marne

Answer 31

signaled the demise of Germany's aggressive two-front war strategy, known as the Schlieffen Plan

Question 32

The War Raw Materials Board

Answer 32

It was intended to help the U.S. prepare for World War I by increasing industrial production and coordinating the purchase of war materials by the Army and the Navy

Question 33

Propaganda

Answer 33

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view

Question 34

The Lusitania

Answer 34

a British ocean liner that was launched by the Cunard Line in 1906 and held the Blue Riband appellation for the fastest Atlantic crossing in 1908. It was briefly the world's largest passenger ship until the completion of the Mauretania three months later.

Question 35

Armenian Genocide

Answer 35

the systematic destruction of the Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress