C E L L S

Question 1

What are the 3 cell theories?

Answer 1

• All organisms are made up of cells
• All cells come from pre-existing cells
• The cell is the smallest living unit of life

Question 2

What features do Eukaryotic cell have?

Answer 2

• Membrane-bound nucleus
  -Membrane-bound organelles
  Can be unicellular(yeast)or multicellular

Question 3

Examples of Eukaryotic cells:

Answer 3

• Plant

- Animal

Question 4

What features do Prokaryotic cell have?

Answer 4

• Lack membrane-bound organelles

Always unicellular

Question 5

Examples of Prokaryotic cells:

Answer 5

• Monera

- Bacterium (Bacteria)

Question 6

Cytosol

Answer 6

fluid- like substance

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

refers to the combination of cytosol and cell organelles (excluding nucleus)
- (more than 90% water & contains ions, salts, enzymes, food molecules, nucleus & organelles)

Question 8

Plasma Membrane

(cell membrane)

Answer 8

boundary between internal cell environment and external environment
(controls movement of substances in and out of cell)

Question 9

What are the properties of the Plasma Membrane?

Answer 9

• Has double layers of lipids embedded with proteins
• Proteins form channels to allow substances to pass through
• The model is known as the fluid-mosaic model
• Selectively Permeable( allows some ions and molecules to pass through)

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

control center of the cell

Question 11

What are the properties of the Nucleus?

Answer 11

• Surrounded by nuclear envelope (double layered nuclear membrane) containing pores that communicate with cytoplasm
• Nuclear pores allow the exchange of substances such as RNA between cytoplasm and nucleus
• Contains chromatin (DNA)
• Contains genetic material

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Energy supplying organelle (produces energy for the cell’s survival and functioning)

Question 13

What are the properties of Mitochondria?

Answer 13

• Site of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production via cellular respiration

Question 14

What are the two membranes in the Mitochondria?

Answer 14

• Inner membrane (highly folded since used by the electron transport chain)
• Outer membrane

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Organelle located in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and aids in protein production/synthesis

Question 16

Where are ribosomes produced?

Answer 16

Nucleolus

Question 17

Where are ribosomes found?

Answer 17

They’re found free in the cytoplasm (cytosol) and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum
                                      (ER)

Answer 18

Series of channels responsible for transportation within

cells

Question 19

2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Answer 19

• Rough (ribosomes attached)

- Smooth (no ribosomes attached)

Question 20

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 20

Transport of proteins to various sites around the cell

Question 21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 21

Manufacturing, detoxifying and storage and release of substances. They synthesizes lipids(steroid hormones, phospholipids, etc)

Question 22

Nucleolus

Answer 22

production of ribosomes

Question 23

Where is the Nucleolus found?

Answer 23

Found in the centre of the nucleus

Question 24

Golgi Complex/Golgi Apparatus

Answer 24

Final synthesis and packaging of proteins into membrane-bound vesicles.
- Linked to the ER

Question 25

Lysosomes

Answer 25

Membranous sacs that contain digestive enzymes which break down/digest large molecules or unwanted structure of the cell

Question 26

Peroxisome

Answer 26

Contain enzymes and aid in the oxidation of fatty acids Breakdown of toxic substances (ie. Hydrogen peroxide) - Contains appox. 50 different enzymes

Question 27

Cilia

Answer 27

Movement across the surface of the cell (small hair-like structure) Eg. Cells that line the throat

Question 28

Flagella

Answer 28

movement of the cell (whip-like structure) | Eg. Sperm cells

Question 29

Cytoskeleton

Answer 29

Supports structure of the cell and strength Determines the cell's shape Facilitate movement Move chromosomes during cell division

Question 30

Chloroplast

Answer 30

Only in Plant Cell It is a green organelle (due to presence of chlorophyll) Site of photosynthesis Converts sunlight energy into chemical energy

Question 31

What pigments does chloroplast contain?

Answer 31

It contains chlorophylls (light trapping pigments)

Question 32

Vacuole

Answer 32

Is a membrane-bound, liquid-filled space which storages nutrients, mineral salts and water disposal

Question 33

Cell Wall

Answer 33

Only in Plant Cell | Provides strength and support

Question 34

Function of the Primary cell wall

Answer 34

Made up of cellulose | Gives strength and divides into new cells

Question 35

Function of the Secondary cell wall

Answer 35

Made up of cellulose | Gives plants their woodiness, it's inside of the primary cell wall and it dies off

Question 36

Plasmodesmata

Answer 36

Connects adjoining cell and is like a channel allowing molecules & substances to move back & forth.

Question 37

Centrioles

Answer 37

Are a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules which are involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division in animal cells & protists

Question 38

Plastids

Answer 38

A group of organelles, found only in plant cells which develop from simple organelles called proplasts

Question 39

Tonoplast

Answer 39

The vacuole membrane in plant cells; regulates the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole

Question 40

Vesicles

Answer 40

Membrane bound organelles often associated with transport in cell

Question 41

Organelle

Answer 41

Specialized structure that enable the cell to live, grow and reproduce

Question 42

What is the space between the inner and outer membranes in mitochondria?

Answer 42

Intermembrane space

Question 43

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 43

- Microtubules - Intermediate Filaments - Microfilaments