C&P: Local Anaesthetics

Question 1

Ester (-COO-) Local Anaesthetics

Answer 1

Procaine, Amethocaine

Question 2

Amide (-NHCO-) Local Anaesthetics

Answer 2

Lidocaine, Prilocaine, Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, Mepivacaine

Question 3

pH of Local Anaesthetics

Answer 3

All are weak bases, they have hydrophilic plus hydrophobic components liked by an ester or amide group (hence classification)

Question 4

Local Anaesthetics acting as Vasodilators

Answer 4

prilocaine >lidocaine >bupivacaine >ropivacaine

Question 5

Potency

Answer 5

Related to lipid solubility

Question 6

Speed of onset

Answer 6

Related to pKa

Question 7

Duration of action

Answer 7

Related to protein binding

Question 8

Metabolism of ester local anaesthetics

Answer 8

esterases break down to para-aminobenzoic acid (allergenic)

Question 9

Metabolism of amide local anaesthetics

Answer 9

by hepatic amidases

Question 10

Procaine: Relative Potency

Answer 10

1 (ie itself)

Question 11

Procaine: Onset/Duration

Answer 11

slow onset, short duration

Question 12

Procaine: Maximum dose (mg/kg)

Answer 12

12

Question 13

Procaine: Toxic plasma level (mg/ml)

Answer 13

not in C&P

Question 14

Procaine: pKa

Answer 14

8.9

Question 15

Procaine: Protein bound (%)

Answer 15

6

Question 16

Procaine: Relative lipid solubility

Answer 16

1 (ie itself)

Question 17

Lidocaine: Relative Potency

Answer 17

2

Question 18

Lidocaine: Onset/Duration

Answer 18

fast onset, medium duration

Question 19

Lidocaine: Maximum dose (mg/kg)

Answer 19

3 (7 with adrenaline)

Question 20

Lidocaine: Toxic plasma level (mg/ml)

Answer 20

> 5

Question 21

Lidocaine: pKa

Answer 21

7.9

Question 22

Lidocaine: Protein bound (%)

Answer 22

70

Question 23

Lidocaine: Relative lipid solubility

Answer 23

150

Question 24

Lidocaine: Volume of distribution (L)

Answer 24

92

Question 25

Bupivacaine: Relative Potency

Answer 25

8

Question 26

Bupivacaine: Onset/Duration

Answer 26

medium onset, long duration

Question 27

Bupivacaine: Maximum dose (mg/kg)

Answer 27

2

Question 28

Bupivacaine: Toxic plasma level (mg/ml)

Answer 28

>1.5

Question 29

Bupivacaine: pKa

Answer 29

8.1

Question 30

Bupivacaine: Protein bound (%)

Answer 30

95

Question 31

Bupivacaine: Relative lipid solubility

Answer 31

1000

Question 32

Bupivacaine: Volume of distribution (L)

Answer 32

73

Question 33

Ropivacaine: Relative Potency

Answer 33

8

Question 34

Ropivacaine: Onset/Duration

Answer 34

medium onset, long duration

Question 35

Ropivacaine: Maximum dose (mg/kg)

Answer 35

3.5

Question 36

Ropivacaine: Toxic plasma level (mg/ml)

Answer 36

>4

Question 37

Ropivacaine: pKa

Answer 37

8.1

Question 38

Ropivacaine: Protein bound (%)

Answer 38

94

Question 39

Ropivacaine: Relative lipid solubility

Answer 39

300

Question 40

Ropivacaine: Volume of distribution (L)

Answer 40

59

Question 41

Mepivacaine: Relative Potency

Answer 41

2

Question 42

Mepivacaine: Onset/Duration

Answer 42

slow onset, medium duration

Question 43

Mepivacaine: Maximum dose (mg/kg)

Answer 43

5

Question 44

Mepivacaine: Toxic plasma level (mg/ml)

Answer 44

>5

Question 45

Mepivacaine: pKa

Answer 45

7.6

Question 46

Mepivacaine: Protein bound (%)

Answer 46

77

Question 47

Mepivacaine: Relative lipid solubility

Answer 47

50