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Manual 3 > C spine > Flashcards

C spine Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the law of superior motion?

A

Motion of a single vertebra is described relative to the vertebra below regardless of whether the motion occurs from above down or below up.

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2
Q

What is the rule of vertebral body motion?

A

It is the direction of the vertebral body and not the spinous process that determines the direction of vertebral motion.

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3
Q

When an apophyseal joint opens, which direction does it glide?

A

Anterior and superior glide

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4
Q

When an apophyseal joint closes, which direction does it glide?

A

Posterior/ inferior glide

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5
Q

When an apophyseal joint gaps, which direction does it separate?

A

Perpendicularly

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6
Q

When the OA joint extends, there is a ______ roll and ________ glide.

A

Posterior roll

Anterior glide

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7
Q

When the OA joint flexes, there is a ______ roll and ________ glide.

A

Anterior roll

Posterior glide

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8
Q

At the OA joint, side bending and rotation are in the (same/ opposite) direction

A

Opposite

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9
Q

How many degrees of flexion are in the OA joint?

A

10

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10
Q

How many degrees of extension are in the OA joint?

A

15

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11
Q

How many degrees of lateral flexion are in the OA joint?

A

7

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12
Q

How many degrees of rotation are in the OA joint?

A

3

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13
Q

When you side bend the OA to the left, which way is the left condyle gliding? Right condyle?

A

SB left-> rot right

Left- anterior
Right- posteiror

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14
Q

Pt has full extension and limited flexion (anterior/posterior) OA is the problem

A

Posterior

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15
Q

You find that your pt is limited in OA flexion, how do you assess which condyle is at fault?

A

Add side bending component

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16
Q

When assessing the OA joint in flexion and right SB, what are you assessing?

A

The LEFT condyle’s ability to go posteriorly

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17
Q

True or false; when assessing an OA impairment, the limited condyle is on the contralateral side of the side bend

A

False: Generally if there is a restriction it will be on the side of the side bend because the SB will stress the condylar glide

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18
Q

Which joint is the primary rotator and derotator of the cervical spine?

A

AA joint

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19
Q

How many degrees of flexion is in the AA joint?

A

11

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20
Q

How many degrees of extension is in the AA joint?

A

1

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21
Q

How many degrees of lateral flexion is in the AA joint?

A

2

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22
Q

How many degrees of rotation is in the AA joint?

A

45!

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23
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of AA instability and CAD ?

A

5Ds, 3Ns, and 1A

■ Dizziness 
■ Drop Attacks 
■ Diplopia 
■ Dysarthria 
■ Dysphagia 
■ Nausea 
■ Numbness 
■ Nystagmus 
■ Ataxia
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24
Q

What is the facet orientation of the lower C spine?

A

40-45 degrees

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25
How many degrees of flexion are in the lower c spine joints?
8
26
How many degrees of extension are in the lower c spine joints?
8
27
How many degrees of lateral flexion are in the lower c spine joints?
10
28
How many degrees of rotation are in the lower c spine joints?
9
29
What is fryette’s first rule?
Rule of neutral mechanics When the vertebrae are idling in neutral (ie., facets are unloaded), side bending is associated with contralateral rotation
30
Where might you find fryette’s first rule?
Occurs in the thoracic and | lumbar spine; upper cervical (O-A-A) in all conditions
31
What is fryette’s second rule?
Rule of non-neutral spinal mechanics When the vertebrae are in a non-neutral position (i.e., flexion or extension), side bending is associated with ipsilateral rotation.
32
Where might you find fryette’s type 2 spinal mechanics?
Occurs in lower cervical spine (C2 –C7), thoracic spine, and lumbar spine
33
What is fryette’s third rule?
When motion is introduced in one plane, other motions are reduced in range
34
The OA condyles are at a ___degree angle
60
35
Which measurement is the ADI? What is normal?
Atlantodental interval 3mm adults 3-5mm children
36
Which ligament retracts meniscoid tissue?
Ligamentum flavum
37
True or false; when Co SB right and rotates left, C1 also SB right and rotates left
True
38
Co rotates L C1 rotates __ C2 rotates __
Co rotates L C1 rotates L C2 rotates R
39
At C2-C7, side bend | and rotation to (same/ opposite) side
Same
40
True or false; In the lower c spine, there are ALWAYS neutral mechanics.
False, NEVER neutral mechanics
41
What is the physiologic barrier?
End of AROM
42
What is the elastic barrier?
End of PROM
43
What is the anatomic barrier?
THE ABSOLUTE END
44
Movement toward neutral is a/an (direct/indirect) technique
Indirect
45
Movement toward motion barrier is a/an (direct/indirect) technique
Direct
46
Movement toward neutral is in the direction of (ease/bind)
Ease
47
Movement toward the motion barrier is in the direction of (ease/bind)
Bind
48
The restrictive barrier is indicative of...
Somatic dysfunction (impairment)
49
What are the causes of a restrictive barrier?
It can be secondary to joint blockage (derangement) and/or shortened articular tissue (i.e., capsule, ligament, myofascial tissue, etc.)
50
Positional diagnosis: T8,9 is flexed, rotated right, side bent right = FRS right. Motion restriction:
Restricted extension, rotation, and side bend left.
51
Positional diagnosis: L4,5 is extended, rotated right, side bent right = ERS right. Motion restriction:
Restricted flexion, rotation, and side bend left.
52
Positional diagnosis: C5,6 is flexed or bilaterally flexed. Motion restriction:
C5,6 is restricted in extension or bilateral extension.
53
A Major Motion Loss is present when ________ of the range is restricted. This means that, positionally, there will be ___________ in neutral (mid position).
50% or more of the range is restricted. This means that, positionally, there will be asymmetry present in neutral (mid position).
54
A Minor Motion Loss is present when ___________ of the range is restricted. This means that, positionally, there will be _______in neutral (mid position).
is present when less than 50% of the range is restricted. This means that, positionally, there will be no asymmetry in neutral (mid position).
55
In type II dysfunctions, ___segment is involved
1
56
Type II dysfunctions are found in (neutral/ non-neutral) spinal positions
Non neutral
57
Type II dysfunctions are induced...
Traumatically
58
Type II dysfunctions are a _________ dysfunctions
Articular
59
True or false; Type II dysfunctions are usually asymptomatic
False; symptomatic
60
Is the diagnosis of an FRS an arthrokinematic of osteokinematic term?
Osteokinematic
61
In an FRS right, what is the osteokinematic position?
flexed, rotated, and side bent right (FRS right)
62
In an FRS right, what is the osteokinematic restriction?
extension, rotation, and side bending left
63
For an FRS right, what is the arthrokinematic position?
Left facet is open
64
For an FRS right, what is the arthrokinematic restriction?
Left facet can’t close
65
For an ERS left, what is the osteokinematic position?
extended, rotated, and side bent left (ERS left)
66
For an ERS left, what is the osteokinematic restriction?
flexion, rotation, and side bending right
67
For an ERS left, what is the arthrokinematic position?
Left facet is closed
68
For an ERS left, what is the arthrokinematic restriction?
Left facet can’t open
69
What are the 3 keys to a successful MET?
Localization (to feather edge) Control Balance
70
What are the 4 components of neurophysiological theory?
a. Down-regulates gamma gain b. Golgi tendon organ inhibition c. Refractory period (muscle can’t contract) d. Renshaw cell inhibition
71
What happens during the down regulation gamma gain?
At the motion unit segment, the elongation lengthening allows for intramural fibers to lengthen .
72
What happens during the inhibition of golgi tendon organs?
Exertion of strong resistance against the force of muscles causes the muscles to shut off and allow passive lengthing of the tissue Alpha motor neuron inhibition
73
How does neurophysiological theory utilize the refractory period?
Relaxation where the muscle cant contract (3 second rest) new lengthing can occur during PIR (post isometric relaxation)
74
What is renshaw cell inhibition?
Happens at the spine | Protects muscle from over activity by inhibiting alpha motor neurons at the core
75
What are the 3 theories of why MET works?
Neurophysiological theory Mechanical theory Sensorymotor learning theory
76
Who is the father of sensorimotor learning theory?
Feldenkrais
77
When the right SCM contracts, what happens?
SB R and rotates L
78
Which cervical extensor can induce headaches?
Rectus capitus posterior minor
79
Which muscles impact contralateral side rotation if they’re too tight or weak?
Rectus capitis posterior major | Obliques capitis inferior
80
Pt comes to see you with an FRS right at C5 C6, what are the possible muscles that can help hold that into position?
Right anterior scalene pulling at C5 (right because they pull down in the direction on FRS and shortens) and left middle and posterior scalenes sat C6 (they help keep 6 back)
81
Levator scapula attaches to which cervical vertebrae?
C1-C4
82
True or false; although levator scap attaches to C1-C4, it often holds in place an ipsilateral ERS in the LOWER cervical spine
True, but it can also impact C1 translation

Manual 3 (7 decks)

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