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Question 1

Summarize the Daltons Model of the Atom

Answer 1

Atoms are tiny spheres that cannot be broken down.

Question 2

Summarize the Plum Pudding Model

Answer 2

The atom is a ball of spread out positive charge with negative electrons embedded into it

Question 3

Summarize the Nuclear Model

Answer 3

The atom is a ball of spread out positive charge with negative electrons embedded into it

Question 4

Summarize the Electron Shell Model (Bohr Model)

Answer 4

Electrons orbit the nucleus at a fixed energy level

Question 5

What are the beliefs of Protons and Neutrons

Answer 5

The nucleus consists of protons which have a positive charge and neutrons which have no charge

Question 6

What is the radius of an atom

Answer 6

1x 10-10m

Question 7

What is the radius of an Nucleus

Answer 7

1 x 10-14 m

Question 8

If a substance is made up of one type of atom what is it called?

Answer 8

An element

Question 9

What does Atomic Number tell us

Answer 9

Amount of Protons in an atom

Question 10

What does Mass number tell us

Answer 10

Number of Protons and neutrons

Question 11

How do we work out the number of neutrons in an atom

Answer 11

mass number - atomic number

Question 12

What is an isotope

Answer 12

Two of the same atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons

Question 13

how do we work out relative atomic mass of an isotope

Answer 13

(Abundance of isotope 1 x Mass of isotope 1) + (Abundance of isotope 2 x Mass of isotope 2)
÷100

Question 14

In terms of electrons, what is the difference between the plum pudding and the nuclear model?

Answer 14

Electrons in the Plum Pudding Model are ‘embedded inside the atom’. Nuclear model, the Electrons are orbiting on outer shells

Question 15

What are 2 different atoms chemically bonded together called?

Answer 15

A compound

Question 16

Name Separation techniques

Answer 16

Paper Chromatography, Filtration, Crystallisation, Distillation, Fractional Distillation

Question 17

What does Paper chromatography separate

Answer 17

Soluble substances from a mixture using a suitable solvent 
For example (Dyes in an ink)

Question 18

What does Filtration separate

Answer 18

Insoluble solids from a liquid 
For Example (Sand from Water)

Question 19

What does crystallization separate

Answer 19

Soluble substances from a solution 
For example (Salt from Saltwater)

Question 20

What does distillation separate

Answer 20

Liquids from solutions
For Example (Water from Saltwater)

Question 21

What does Fractional Distillation separate

Answer 21

A mixture of liquids due to the liquids having different boiling points.  
For Example (Ethanol from a mixture of ethanol and water, Fractions in Crude oil)

Question 22

What does it mean if the symbols are in brackets

Answer 22

If symbols are in brackets, then you must multiply everything in the brackets by the little number that follows them. For example:
Mg(OH)2 has one magnesium atom. The O and H are in brackets so must be multiplied by 2.

Question 23

What is Conservation of Mass

Answer 23

In any chemical reaction, the atoms are neither created nor destroyed. It does not matter whether the reaction is hot or cold, the atoms cannot be created or destroyed. But they are rearranged.

Question 24

How is the Table of Elements arranged

Answer 24

By Atomic Number

Question 25

Why do elements in the same group have similar properties

Answer 25

Because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shells

Question 26

Metals all ____ their outer shell electrons to form a positive ion

Answer 26

Lose

Question 27

Non-Metals will ____ electrons to form a stable outer shell when reacting with metals to form a negative ion

Answer 27

Gain

Question 28

Positive and negative ions will be electrostatically attracted and form an _____ bond between the ions.

Answer 28

Ionic

Question 29

Group 1 metals are known as what

Answer 29

Alkali Metals

Question 30

Alkali Metals react with

Answer 30

Oxygen to form oxides Chlorine to form chlorides Water to form hydroxides

Question 31

In which direction do group 1 metals increase in reactivity

Answer 31

They increase in reactivity going down the group

Question 32

In order to react, the metal needs to lose an electron. The easier it is to lose, the more ________ it will be

Answer 32

Reactive

Question 33

Group 7 elements are also known as the

Answer 33

Halogens

Question 34

What are Halogens

Answer 34

They are reactive non-metals that form as diatomic (two atoms joined together by sharing electrons (we call this a COVALENT bond).

Question 35

In which direction does the reactivity of Group 7 elements increase and why

Answer 35

The reactivity of the halogens increases up the group In order to react, the halogen needs to gain an electron. The easier it is to gain, the more reactive it will be. Closer the outer shell to the nucleus, easier for the atom to gain an electron

Question 36

What are Group 0 Elements known as

Answer 36

The Noble gases They have full outer shells which means they do not need to gain or lose electrons. They all have 8 electrons in the outer shell, EXCEPT FOR HELIUM WHICH ONLY HAS 2.

Question 37

Why do the Noble gases not react with other elements

Answer 37

They have full outer shell and unlike other gases, they exist naturally as single atoms

Question 38

In which direction does the boiling point of Noble Gases increase

Answer 38

Going down the group

Question 39

What are the transition metals

Answer 39

The metals in between group 2 and group 3 They share similar physical properties with other metals, such as: they conduct electricity in both liquid and solid state and they are often shiny. 

Question 40

How do the Alkali metals react with Oxygen

Answer 40

React quickly with Oxygen in the air at room temperature.

Question 41

How do the Alkali metals react with Water

Answer 41

React vigorously with cold water.

Question 42

How do the Alkali Metals react with the Halogens

Answer 42

React vigorously with the halogens.

Question 43

How do the Transition Metals react with Oxygen

Answer 43

Most react slowly or not at all. Some transition metals such as Copper or Iron react with Oxygen on heating.

Question 44

How do the Transition Metals react with Water

Answer 44

Iron reacts slowly with water and Oxygen to form hydrated Iron (III) oxide, or rust.

Question 45

How do the Transition Metals react with The Halogens

Answer 45

Some transition metals, such as Iron react with halogens.

Question 46

What are some Transition Metals used for

Answer 46

Used in catalysts to speed up chemical reactions without being used up. Eg/ Manganese (VI) Oxide increases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water.

Question 47

Do the metals in group 1 of the periodic table have a high or a low density?

Answer 47

Low