C1

Question 1

What are all substances made of?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is an atom?

Answer 2

The smallest part of an element which can exist.

Question 3

Roughly how many elements?

Answer 3

100

Question 4

What is a compound?

Answer 4

Compounds contain two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Question 5

What’s group 1 called in the periodic table?

Answer 5

Alkali metals

Question 6

What’s group 7 called in the periodic table?

Answer 6

Halogens

Question 7

What’s group 0 called?

Answer 7

Noble gases

Question 8

What is a mixture?

Answer 8

A mixture consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

Question 9

Where would you use filtration?

Answer 9

Separating a solid from a liquid.

Question 10

Where would you use simple distillation?

Answer 10

Evaporating 2 liquids with really different boiling points.

Question 11

Where would you use fractional distillation?

Answer 11

Evaporating and separating more than 2 liquids with similar boiling point

Question 12

What is crystallisation?

Answer 12

Separates a soluble solid from a liquid.

Question 13

What is chromatography?

Answer 13

A method to separate different dyes in an ink.

Question 14

What does soluble mean?

Answer 14

Able to be dissolved, especially in water

Question 15

Method of paper chromatography - practical

Answer 15

• Draw a line near the bottom of the paper in pencil (as they’re insoluble) - Add a spot of ink and put paper in solvent (water) (ink shouldn’t touch solvent) - Place a lid to stop solvent from evaporation - The solvent seeps up, carrying the ink and each will love at a different rate - Take the paper out and leave to dry

Question 16

Why might a scientific model be changed?

Answer 16

New experimental evidence

Question 17

Before the discovery of the electron what were atoms thought to be?

Answer 17

Atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.

Question 18

What discovery of led to the plum pudding model?

Answer 18

Electron

Question 19

What does the plum pudding look like?

Answer 19

Sea of positive charge with negative electrons inside.

Question 20

What did the results from the alpha particle scattering experiment lead to?

Answer 20

The mass of an atom was concentrated at the centre (nucleus) and that the nucleus was charged.

Question 21

What replaced the plum pudding model?

Answer 21

Nuclear model

Question 22

Who adapted the nuclear model?

Answer 22

Niels Bohr

Question 23

What did Bohr discover?

Answer 23

Electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances.

Question 24

What is the name of the divided up positive charge?

Answer 24

Protons

Question 25

What was the work done by James Chadwick?

Answer 25

He discovered neutrons

Question 26

What are the charges of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

Answer 26

Proton +1 Neutron 0 Electron -1

Question 27

Why do atoms have no overall charge?

Answer 27

Because they have the same numbers of protons and electrons

Question 28

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 28

0.1 nm (1 x 10 to the power of -10 m)

Question 29

What's the radius of the nucleus?

Answer 29

1 x 10-14 m

Question 30

What are the masses of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 30

Proton 1 Neutron 1 Electron - very small

Question 31

What is the sum of proton and neutrons?

Answer 31

Mass number

Question 32

What are isotopes?

Answer 32

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 33

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 33

The average mass of all the isotopes

Question 34

What is the pattern for electrons on the shells?

Answer 34

288

Question 35

Where is the lowest energy level?

Answer 35

Closest to the nucleus

Question 36

What did Mendeleev do?

Answer 36

Left gaps in his table for unknown elements and made predictions about their properties

Question 37

What form positive ions?

Answer 37

Metals

Question 38

What form negative ions?

Answer 38

Non - metals

Question 39

Why do noble gases not react?

Answer 39

Stable arrangement of electrons - full outer shell

Question 40

Does the boiling point increase or decrease when you go down group 0?

Answer 40

Increases

Question 41

Does the reactivity increase or decrease when you go down group 1?

Answer 41

Increase

Question 42

lithium + oxygen =

Answer 42

Lithium oxide Tarnishes slowly

Question 43

sodium + oxygen =

Answer 43

Sodium oxide Tarnishes a bit quicker

Question 44

potassium + oxygen =

Answer 44

Potassium oxide Tarnishes very quickly

Question 45

lithium+ water =

Answer 45

Lithium hydroxide Floats, fizzes, disappears Hydrogen released

Question 46

sodium + water =

Answer 46

Sodium hydroxide Melts to form a ball, fizzes rapidly, disappears Hydrogen released

Question 47

potassium + water =

Answer 47

Potassium hydroxide Floats and melts, moves quickly around, self-ignites, lilac flame, small explosionHydrogen released

Question 48

lithium + chlorine =

Answer 48

Lithium chloride Crimson flame

Question 49

sodium + chlorine =

Answer 49

Sodium chloride Yellow flame

Question 50

potassium + chlorine =

Answer 50

Potassium chloride Lilac flame

Question 51

What type of element is group 7?

Answer 51

Non - metals

Question 52

What does fluorine look like?

Answer 52

Poisonous yellow gas

Question 53

What does chlorine look like?

Answer 53

Poisonous, dense green gas

Question 54

What does bromine look like?

Answer 54

Dense, red - brown volatile liquid

Question 55

What does iodine look like?

Answer 55

Dark grey solid or purple vapour

Question 56

When you go down group 7, is it more reactive?

Answer 56

No, as you go down it's less reactive

Question 57

When you go down group 7, is there a higher boiling point?

Answer 57

Yes

Question 58

Why is iodine less reactive?

Answer 58

There are more electrons so more shells so weaker attraction from positive nucleus to negative electron

Question 59

How does displacement in group 7 work and what does it produce?

Answer 59

The more reactive halogen displaces the less reactive halogen which creates a salt (ide)