C1

Question 1

Name 3 fossil fuels?

Answer 1

Crude oil
Coal
Natural gases

Question 2

how long does it take for fossil fuels to form and how do they form?

Answer 2

It takes millions of years

formed naturally

Question 3

Are fossil fuels renewable or non-renewable?

Answer 3

Non-renewable

Question 4

why are fossil fuels non renewable?

Answer 4

because they are used up much faster than new ones are supplied.

Question 5

Are fossil fuels easily extracted?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

What are scientists now looking for in terms of crude oil?

Answer 6

alternatives.

Question 7

Where is crude oil found?

Answer 7

in the earth crust

Question 8

how does crude oil get to the surface?

Answer 8

it gets to the surface by being pumped to the surface

Question 9

How is crude oil transported to refineries?

Answer 9

through pipelines or in oil tankers

Question 10

How can oil affect wildlife?

Answer 10

birds - the birds feathers get stuck together and the birds may die.

Question 11

What is crude oil made up of?

Answer 11

Crude oil is made up of many hydrocarbons

Question 12

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 12

A hydrocarbon is a molecule that contains only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 13

different hydrocarbons have different boiling points, but what does this mean?

Answer 13

This means that the crude oil can be separated into useful fractions (parts) that contain mixtures of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points.

Question 14

What is the process that separates the hydrocarbons into different boiling points called?

Answer 14

Fractional Distillation

Question 15

where is the crude oil heated

Answer 15

In a fractionating column.

Question 16

what does the column have?

Answer 16

a temperature gradient

Question 17

What does the temperature gradient make?

Answer 17

the temperature makes it hotter at the bottom than the top

Question 18

fractions with low boiling points leave at which point of the fractionating column?

Answer 18

at the top.

Question 19

fractions with high boiling points leave at which point of the fractionating column?

Answer 19

at the bottom.

Question 20

one fraction is called LPG what is its lengthened name?

Answer 20

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Question 21

What does LPG contain?

Answer 21

It contains propane and butane, gases at room temperature and are bottled.

Question 22

LPG is at the top of the fractionating column, What is the hydrocarbon at 70*c?

Answer 22

petrol (gasoline)

Question 23

What is the hydrocarbon at 180*c?

Answer 23

paraffin (kerosene)

Question 24

What is the hydrocarbon at 260*c?

Answer 24

diesel

Question 25

What is the hydrocarbon at 300*c?

Answer 25

Lubricating oil

Question 26

What is the hydrocarbon at over 400*c?

Answer 26

Bitumen

Question 27

When the crude oil goes through the heater what does it come out as?

Answer 27

Crude oil vapour

Question 28

at the bottom of the fractionating column what kind of hydrocarbon molecules are there?

Answer 28

long chain hydrocarbon molecules

Question 29

at the top of the fractionating column what kind of hydrocarbon molecules are there?

Answer 29

Short chain hydrocarbon molecules

Question 30

What can hydrocarbon molecules be described as?

Answer 30

Alkenes and Alkanes

Question 31

What can larger alkane molecules be broken down into?

Answer 31

they can be broken down into smaller , more useful, alkane and alkene molecules.

Question 32

what is cracking?

Answer 32

cracking is the break down of long chain hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful short chain molecules. This is an industrial process.

Question 33

what does cracking need to be successful?

Answer 33

A catalyst A high temperature A high pressure.

Question 34

When cracking is carried out in a laboratory what is one of the conditions needed?

Answer 34

atmospheric pressure

Question 35

Cracking is used to make more..... | finish this sentance.

Answer 35

petrol from naptha

Question 36

it can also be used to make alkene molecules that may be used to make... what is the missing word.

Answer 36

Polymers.

Question 37

Is there pressure on there limited resources?

Answer 37

yes.

Question 38

Is there enough petrol in crude oil to meet demands

Answer 38

no.

Question 39

Why is crude oil often the source of conflict between countries?

Answer 39

oil is very valuable

Question 40

in a hydrocarbon molecule there is strong covalent bond, where are they?

Answer 40

they are between atoms in the molecule.