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Question 1

What does finite mean?

Answer 1

It is being used up quicker than its being replaced.

Question 2

What’s a slick?

Answer 2

Oil spills from a tanker in the sea. Oil floats on the surface.

Question 3

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 3

A molecule that contains hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY.

Question 4

What is the 7 fractions in a fractional distillation column?

Answer 4

Liquefied petroleum gas
Petrol
Paraffin
Diesel
Lubricating oil
Fuel oil
Bitumen

Question 5

How can hydrocarbon molecules be described as?

Answer 5

Alkanes and alkenes.

Question 6

Hat can alkene molecules be sued to make?

Answer 6

Polymers

Question 7

How does cracking work?

Answer 7

Large alkane molecules are broken into smaller alkene molecules.

Question 8

What are the three conditions needed for cracking?

Answer 8

High atmospheric pressure
High temperature
A catalyst.

Question 9

In a hydrocarbon what forces are there?

Answer 9

Strong covalent bonds between atoms.

Weak intermolecular forces between molecules.

Question 10

What does COMPLETE COMBUSTION produce?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide and water.

Question 11

What does INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION produce?

Answer 11

Carbon monoxide and water.

In VERY little oxygen: Carbon and water.m

Question 12

What is the air Madura off?

Answer 12

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% others ( 0.035% Carbon dioxide)

Question 13

What else does the air contain?

Answer 13

Water vapour.

Question 14

What are the elevens of gas controlled by?

Answer 14

Respiration
Combustion
Photosynthesis

Question 15

How is sulfur dioxide made?

Answer 15

When fossil rums that contain sulfur Impurities are burned.

Question 16

What does sulfur dioxide cause?

Answer 16

Acid rain

Question 17

How are oxides of nitrogen formed?

Answer 17

Car engines.

Question 18

What does oxides of nitrogen cause?

Answer 18

Photochemical smog and acid rain.

Question 19

What 3 main human factors affect the balance of CO2?

Answer 19

Burning fossil fuels
Deforestation
Increase in world population

Question 20

What does a catalytic converter do?

Answer 20

Converts Carbon monoxide into Carbon dioxide.

Question 21

What is the equation for a catalytic converter?

Answer 21

2CO + 2NO –> N2 + 2CO2

Question 22

If a hydrocarbon has only single covalent bonds, what is it called?

Answer 22

Alkane.

Question 23

What are alkanes described as?

Answer 23

Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 24

What are alkanes described as?

Answer 24

Unsaturated

Question 25

Is a hydrocarbon has one or more double Carbon-Carbon (C=C)covalent bonds, what is it known as?

Answer 25

Alkene

Question 26

What do alkanes do to bromine water?

Answer 26

No effect

Question 27

What do alkenes do to bromine water?

Answer 27

Decolourise it

Question 28

What conditions does joining alkenes to form a polymer need?

Answer 28

High pressure | Catalyst

Question 29

Nylon is:

Answer 29

Lightweight Tough Waterproof Blocks UV light

Question 30

What is done to nylon to make it into Goretex?

Answer 30

Nylon fibres are coated with a membrane of PTFE

Question 31

What does Goretex have?

Answer 31

Much smaller holes in the fabric.

Question 32

What happens to protein when it is heated?

Answer 32

Molecules change shape. (Denature)

Question 33

What happens when potatoes and other vegetables are heated?

Answer 33

1. Cell wall breaks down, cells become soft. 2. Starch grains swell up and are released. 3. This makes them easily digestible.

Question 34

What happens when sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking powder) is heated?

Answer 34

It decomposes to release Carbon dioxide.

Question 35

What is the equation of baking powder being heated?

Answer 35

Sodium hydrogen carbonate --> sodium carbonate + water + Carbon dioxide.

Question 36

If Carbon dioxide is present, what happens to limewater?

Answer 36

It changes form colourless to milky.

Question 37

What are 4 additives?

Answer 37

Antioxidants Food colours Flavour enhancers Emulsifiers

Question 38

What is the hydrophilic end of an emulsifier?

Answer 38

The end that likes water.

Question 39

What is the hydrophobic end of an emulsifer?

Answer 39

The end that likes oil.

Question 40

What are the properties of perfume?

Answer 40

``` Da orate easily Not toxic Not irritant Non dissolvable in water Non reactive with water ```

Question 41

What are soluble substances?

Answer 41

A substance that dissolves in a liquid.

Question 42

What is an insoluble substance?

Answer 42

A substance that don't dissolve in a liquid.

Question 43

What is a solvent?

Answer 43

A liquid which a substance is dissolved.

Question 44

What is a solute?

Answer 44

A substance that gets dissolved.

Question 45

What is a solution?

Answer 45

What is produced when a solvent and solute is mixed.

Question 46

What is paint?

Answer 46

A collide.

Question 47

What is a binding medium?

Answer 47

An Oil that sticks the pigment to the surface.

Question 48

How does oil based paints dry?

Answer 48

1. Solvent evaporates away. | 2. The oil-binding medium reacts with oxygen in the air (oxidation reaction) to form a hard layer.