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Chemistry GCSE > C1, Atomic Structure > Flashcards

C1, Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Compounds =

A

Substances that contain more than one type of atom

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2
Q

Elements =

A

Substances that contain only one type of atom

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3
Q

Groups are the. (column)

A

Vertical column

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4
Q

Periods are. (Columns)

A

Horizontal columns

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5
Q

What do groups in a periodic table contain

A

Elements with similar chemical properties

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6
Q

What are reactants

A

The substances you start with

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7
Q

What are products

A

The substances that are made

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8
Q

What does decomposes mean

A

To break down

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9
Q

What is the total mass of products formed equal to

A

The total mass of the reactants

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10
Q

What is a mixture

A

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined together

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11
Q

What are compounds

A

Two or more substances that are chemically combined together

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12
Q

What is filtration

A

The separation of an insoluble substance from a soluble substance in a solvent by using filterpaper

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13
Q

What does soluble mean

A

Able to dissolve especially in water

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14
Q

What does insoluble mean

A

Unable to dissolve

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15
Q

What is crystallisation

A

The process of Separating the filtrate from the solvent

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16
Q

How does crystallisation work

A

Heat and evaporating dish containing a soluble substance and crystals will form

The rest of the water will evaporate and leave the filtrate on its own

17
Q

What is distillation

A

The process to collect the solvent it self instead of evaporating in the air during crystallisation

18
Q

Method for fractional distillation

A

1) Mixture is heated
2) miscible liquid evaporates as it turns from a liquid to a gas
3) the gas of the miscible liquid passes into the condenser and is cooled
4) it turns from a gas to a liquid
5) The miscible liquid is collected

19
Q

What is paper chromatography used for

A

Used to separate and identify substances from mixtures in a solution

20
Q

How is paper chromatography able to work

A

It works as some compounds will dissolve better than others in the solvent

21
Q

John Dalton’s discovery

A

He described atoms as solid spheres and said that different spheres were made up by different elements

22
Q

JJ Thompson’s discovery

A

Concluded atoms were not solid spheres and he measured the charge and mass and showed atoms must have negatively charged particles
He made the plum pudding model showing atoms as a ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

23
Q

Rutherford’s discovery

A

Showed plum pudding model was wrong from alpha particle scattering experiment
Rutherford made nuclear model where a positively charged nucleus was where most mass was concentrated and a cloud of negative electrons were around it

24
Q

what happened in the alpha particle scattering experiment

A
  • They fired positively charged alpha particles at thin sheet of gold.
  • They were expecting particles to pass through the sheet or be deflected at most.
  • someone deflected backwards so proved the plum pudding model couldn’t be right
25
Q

Bohr’s discovery

A

He made a model that suggested all electrons were contained in shells
He said the shells would orbit the nucleus in fixed position

26
Q

Relative charge and relative mass of protons neutrons and electrons

A

Protons : +1 relative charge. : relative mass of 1
Neutrons : 0 relative charge. : relative mass of 1
Electrons : -1 relative charge. : relative mass of 1/1836

27
Q

What is the atomic number equal to

A

The number of protons in the elements

28
Q

How to find out the number of neutrons

A

Mass number - atomic number

29
Q

What is an ion

A

Charged atom positive or negative

30
Q

How are positive ions formed

A

When atoms lose electrons

31
Q

How are negative ions formed

A

When atoms gain electrons

32
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

33
Q

What do ions have in common with the original atom

A

They have the same chemical properties but there physical properties may differ e.g. density

Chemistry GCSE (3 decks)

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