C1-Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

Question 1

What are elements made from?

Answer 1

elements are made from one type of atom

Question 2

What is the charge for protons?

Answer 2

+1 because they are positively charged

Question 3

What is the charge for electrons?

Answer 3

-1 because they are negatively charged

Question 4

What is the charge for neutrons

Answer 4

0 because it’s neutral

Question 5

What is the atomic mass?

Answer 5

number of protons and number of neutrons

Question 6

What is an isotope?

Answer 6

same number of protons and different number of neutrons

Question 7

What are diatomic molecules?

Answer 7

2 atoms joined together

Question 8

What is the maximum amount of electrons that can go into the first shell?

Answer 8

2

Question 9

What is the maximum number of electrons that can go into the second and third shell?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

Do metals gain or lose electrons in their outer shell?

Answer 10

lose

Question 11

Do non-metals gain or lose electrons in their outer shell?

Answer 11

gain

Question 12

what kind of ion do metals and non metals make?

Answer 12

positive and negative ions

Question 13

What is an ion?

Answer 13

an atom that has lost or gained electrons to its outer shell

Question 14

What happens to the reactivity of group 7 as you go down the group?

Answer 14

it decreases

Question 15

What happens to the reactivity of group 1 as you go down the group?

Answer 15

it increases

Question 16

What happens to the melting and boiling point of group 7 as you go down?

Answer 16

it increases

Question 17

Do group 1 elements have a high or low density?

Answer 17

low density

Question 18

What is a compound?

Answer 18

a compound contains 2 or more different elements chemically joined

Question 19

What is a mixture?

Answer 19

Mixtures contain 2 or more different elements not chemically joined

Question 20

What is a soluble substance?

Answer 20

a substance that can dissolve in a solvent

Question 21

What is a solute?

Answer 21

a solute is the substance that does dissolve e.g salt

Question 22

What is a solvent?

Answer 22

the substance that can dissolve other substances e.g water

Question 23

What is an insoluble substance?

Answer 23

a substance that cannot dissolve

Question 24

What is filtration used for?

Answer 24

used to separate an insoluble substance from a liquid?

Question 25

What is crystallization used for?

Answer 25

used to separate a mixture of containing a solute and solvent

Question 26

What is chromatography used for?

Answer 26

used to separate a mixture from soluble substances

Question 27

What is distillation used for?

Answer 27

used to separate a mixture of 2 liquids with different boiling points

Question 28

How can mixtures be seperated?

Answer 28

mixtures can be separated based on their properties e.g boiling point,solubility and magnetic properties

Question 29

can compounds be separated?

Answer 29

no

Question 30

How do you separate a mixture with chromatography?

Answer 30

separate a mixture of soluble dyes
different solubilities
filter paper,solvent and pencil base line

Question 31

How do you separate a mixture using distillation?

Answer 31

heat
vaporise/evaporate
different boiling points
condense in condenser

Question 32

How do you separate mixtures using filtration?

Answer 32

separate insoluble substance
filter paper/filter/conical flask
filtrate liquid and residue

Question 33

how many dyes are there in a mixture?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

Describe the method of chromatography

Answer 34

draw a straight line at the bottom of your filter paper with a pencil
draw a dot of ink on the pencil start line
pour about 1 cm depth of solvent into a chromatography tank
place filter paper in the solvent so that the start line is above to solvent level
use a lid on the tank until after the experiment is finished and let the solvent run up the filter paper until the solvent front gets near the top of the paper
draw a line to mark the top solvent line then leave to dry

Question 35

Why does the baseline have to be drawn with during chromatography?

Answer 35

because pencil is insoluble so it won’t run up the filter paper or smudge

Question 36

Why did one dye stay on the baseline during chromatography?

Answer 36

because they dye on the baseline must be insoluble in that solvent

Question 37

What is the boiling point of water

Answer 37

100 degrees celcius