C1- Atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What’s the radius of a nucleus in an atom?

Answer 1

1x10 to the power -14

Question 2

What the radius of an atom?

Answer 2

1x10 to the power -10

Question 3

Describe the structure of an atom:

Answer 3

Nucleus- holds protons and neutrons
Shells-hold electrons

Question 4

What’s the relative mass on a :
Proton
Neutron
Electron

Answer 4

Proton —- 1
Neutron — 1
Electron — very tiny

Question 5

What’s the charge on a :
Proton
Neutron
Electron

Answer 5

Proton — +1
Neutron— 0
Electron — -1

Question 6

What’s does it mean when atoms are neutral?

Answer 6

They have no overall charge
(Same number of protons as electrons since charge is opposite they cancel each other out)

Question 7

Why do atoms have overall charge?

Answer 7

Different number of electrons and protons meaning they don’t cancel out

Question 8

Where is overall charge seen?

Answer 8

In an ion

Question 9

What is an ion?

Answer 9

An ion is an atom that either losses or gains electrons

Question 10

How do you know the number of protons, electrons and neutrons in an element?

Answer 10

Protons— look at the bottom number
Electron— look at bottom number
Neutron— top number - bottom number

Question 11

What’s the bottom number of an element called?

Answer 11

Atomic number

Question 12

What’s the top number of an element called?

Answer 12

Mass number

Question 13

What’s an isotope?

Answer 13

An atom with the same number of protons different number of neutrons

Question 14

What’s an example of an isotope?

Answer 14

Carbon12 and carbon13:
Where carbon 12 has 6 protons 6 electrons and 6 neutrons
Carbon 13 has 6 protons
6 electrons and 7 neutrons

Question 15

What’s the symbol of relative atomic mass?

Answer 15

Ar

Question 16

What’s relative atomic mass?

Answer 16

It’s the top number on an element and it’s when talking about the whole mass of an element and also counting it’s abundances

Question 17

What’s a relative atomic number?

Answer 17

The bottom number still the number of protons and electrons

Question 18

The equation to work out relative atomic mass

Answer 18

Relative atomic mass=Sum(abundance x mass) divided by total abundance

Question 19

What are compounds?

Answer 19

Substances formed from two or more elements which are chemically bonded together and are very hard to separate can only do it by a chemical reaction

Question 20

Does an element loose it’s properties becoming a compound?

Answer 20

They do, the properties of a compound are different from the properties of its original element

Question 21

Is the nuclei affected when a bond is made?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Is a compound that’s made from metals and non metals a positive or negative ion?

Answer 22

The metal atoms loose electrons to become positively charged ions
Non metals gain electrons to become negatively charged ions

Question 23

What’s ionic bonding?

Answer 23

When a metal and non metal react together to loose or gain electrons.These oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to one another by electrostatic force this attraction is called ionic bond.They do this to have a full outer shell

Question 24

Whats covalent bonding?

Answer 24

When non metal atoms bond together by sharing electrons to achieve a full outer shell

Question 25

What’s the symbol for the following: -carbon dioxide -ammonia -water -sodium chloride -carbon monoxide -hydrochloric acid -calcium chloride -sodium carbonate -sulfuric acid

Answer 25

-CO2 -NH3 -H2O -NaCL -CO -HCL -CaCl2 -Na2SO4 -H2SO4

Question 26

Practical for separation chromatography:

Answer 26

1)Draw a line near the bottom of the filter paper use pencil because pen is insoluble and will dissolve in water) 2)Add a spot of ink ton the line and place the sheet in a beaker of solvent e.g water 3)The solvent depends on what’s being texted some compounds dissolve well in water 4)Place a lid on top of the beaker so that the solvent doesn’t dissolve 5)The dyes have a different solubility meaning the most soluble will be at the top of the paper and the one on the line is insoluble

Question 27

Filtration spreading insoluble solids form liquids:

Answer 27

Supersets insoluble solids from liquids: -pour solution into filer paper -then beaker will have pure substance -the filter paper has the residue This can be used for any purifications e.g solid impurities

Question 28

Two ways to separate soluble solids from solutions?

Answer 28

Evaporation and crystallisation

Question 29

Describe evaporation:

Answer 29

-pour the solution into an evaporating dish -slowly heat the solution.The solvent will evaporate and the solution will get more concentrated.Eventually crystals will start to form -keep heating the evaporation sun until you have left are dry crystals

Question 30

Why may evaporation not work sometimes?

Answer 30

It’s a really quick way of separating soluble slag from a solution but the salt may decompose (break down) when its heated

Question 31

What’s another way to separate soluble solids from solutions?

Answer 31

Crystallisation

Question 32

Describe crystallisation:

Answer 32

-pour the solution into an evaporating dish and gently heat the solution.Some of the solvent will evaporate and the solution will get more concentrated -once some of the solvent has evaporated or when u can see crystals start to from (the point of crystallisation) remove the dish from the heat and leave the solution to cool -the slat should start to from crystals as it becomes insoluble in the cold , highly concentrated solution -filter the crystals out of the solution and leave them to dry

Question 33

Filtration and crystallisation can be used to separate rock salt how does it work?

Answer 33

Rock salt is simply a solution of salt and rock: -grind the mixture to make sure the salt crystals are small so that they dissolve in the water -put the mixture into water the salt will dissolve the sand won’t -filter the mixture only the salt in water will pass through -use either evaporation or crystallisation to form dry crystals

Question 34

Distillation and fractional

Answer 34

Check page 102

Question 35

History of atom

Answer 35

Check page 103

Question 36

Electronic configuration

Answer 36

2,8,8

Question 37

Why do elements what a full outer shell like group 0?

Answer 37

They will be stable and won’t react

Question 38

Group 1 are also called?

Answer 38

Alkali metals

Question 39

Describe group 1:

Answer 39

-their reactivity increases as they go down the group because they are further away from the nucleus meaning they have a weaker attraction and can easily loose electrons and become reactive -have a low melting and boiling point -higher relative atomic mass

Question 40

Group 7 is also called?

Answer 40

Halogens

Question 41

Describe group 7:

Answer 41

-decrease in reactivity as they go down the group because they are further away from the nucleus meaning they have a weaker attraction and it’s harder to gain electrons -high melting and boiling point -higher relative atomic mass

Question 42

Group 0/8 is called ?

Answer 42

Noble gasses

Question 43

Why do they not react?

Answer 43

They don’t react because they have a full outer shell

Question 44

Describe group 0:

Answer 44

The boiling points increase as u go down the group as well as the relative atomic mass - the increase in boiling point is due to an increase in the number of electrons in each atom leading to greater intermolecular forces between them which need to be overcome this

Question 45

Anything else about group 1,7,0

Answer 45

Metals, non metals and non metal