C1 - Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

The smallest part of an element that can exist.

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

A substance that only contains atoms that have the same number of protons

Question 3

Roughly how many elements are there?

Answer 3

100

Question 4

Give the approximate radius of a typical atom in nanometers (nm)

Answer 4

0.1nm (1x10^-10m)

Question 5

Give the approximate radius of a typical atom’s nucleus

Answer 5

1x10^-14m

Question 6

Relative mass of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 6

Proton=1
Electron=Very Small
Neutron=1

Question 7

Where is almost all of the mass of an atom found?

Answer 7

Nucleus

Question 8

What is an atom’s mass number?

Answer 8

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 9

What is an atom’s atomic number?

Answer 9

The number of protons

Question 10

How can the number of neutrons in an atom be calculated from its mass number and atomic number?

Answer 10

Mass number-Atomic number

Question 11

How is the number of electrons in an atom related to its atomic number?

Answer 11

Equal

Question 12

Relative Electrical charge of a proton, neutron and electron?

Answer 12

Proton= +1
Electron= -1
Neutron= 0

Question 13

Why does an atom have no overall electrical charge?

Answer 13

Same number of protons as electrons

Question 14

What are isotopes?

Answer 14

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons

Question 15

What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

Answer 15

the average mass of an atom of an element that takes into account the abundance of isotopes of the element

Question 16

How is the relative atomic mass (Ar) of an element calculated?

Answer 16

1. For each isotope work out: %abundance x mass number
2. Add them all up
3. Divide the total by 100

Question 17

What is an electron shell also known as?

Answer 17

Energy level

Question 18

Which shells do electrons occupy?

Answer 18

Innermost

Question 19

What is the maximum number of electrons on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd shells?

Answer 19

1st = 2
2nd = 8
3rd = 8

Question 20

What are the two ways off representing electronic structures?

Answer 20

By numbers or a diagram
eg. 2,8,3

Question 21

When is an atom most stable?

Answer 21

When its outer shell of electrons is full

Question 22

What are compounds?

Answer 22

Substances that contain two or more elements that are chemically bonded in fixed proportions

Question 23

What does the formula of a compound show?

Answer 23

The atoms of the elements that make up the compound and the proportions they’re in.

Question 24

How are compounds formed?

Answer 24

Chemical reactions between elements

Question 25

What does a chemical reaction always result in?

Answer 25

The formation of one or more new substances

Question 26

How can compounds be separated into elements?

Answer 26

Compounds can only be separated into elements by chemical reactions

Question 27

What is a mixture?

Answer 27

A substance that is made up of two or more elements or compounds that aren't chemically bonded together

Question 28

How do the chemical properties of a substance change when it's a mixture?

Answer 28

Don't change

Question 29

Give five methods of separating mixtures

Answer 29

Fractional distillation Simple distillation Filtration Chromatography Crystallisation

Question 30

What method can be used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Answer 30

Filtration

Question 31

Briefly describe how to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid using filtration

Answer 31

1. Put a cone of filter paper into a funnel 2. Hold the funnel over a beaker and pour the mixture into it 3. The liquid will pass through the filter paper into the beaker and the insoluble solid will be left in the filter paper

Question 32

What method can be used to separate a soluble solid from a solution?

Answer 32

Crystallisation

Question 33

Briefly describe how to separate a soluble solid from a solution using crystallisation

Answer 33

1. Gently heat the solution to evaporate some of the solvent 2. Remove the heat and leave the solution to cool so crystals form

Question 34

What method can be used to separate a liquid from a solution?

Answer 34

Simple distillation

Question 35

Briefly describe how to separate a liquid from a solution using simple distillation

Answer 35

1. Heat the solution to evaporate the liquid 2. Cool the vapour so it condenses and collect the liquid in a beaker

Question 36

What method can be used to separate a mixture of liquids?

Answer 36

Fractional distillation

Question 37

Briefly describe how to separate a mixture of liquids using fractional distillation

Answer 37

1. Heat the mixture in a flask attached to a fractioning column 2. When the boiling point of one of the liquids is reached, it'll evaporate and exit at the top of the fractioning column - it can then be condensed and collected 3. Different liquids will evaporate as the temperature rises, so they can be condensed and collected separately

Question 38

What method can be used to separate a mixture of coloured substances?

Answer 38

Paper chromatography