c1 atoms Flashcards
(22 cards)
All substances are made up of what?
Atoms
They are really tiny - too small to see even with a microscope.
What size radius does Atoms have?
About 0.1 nanometres (that is x 1 x 10 -(small-10m)
What is in the middle of the Atom?
The Nucleus
What size radius does the Nucleus have inside an Atom?
The nucleus has a radius of around 1 x 10-14(small 14)m, that is 1/10 000 of the radius of an atom.
Almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the what?
The Nucleus.
What do Electrons do around the Nucleus?
They move around the Nucleus in the electron shells
What charge does Electrons have? (positive or negative)
They are negatively charged and tiny, and they cover a lot of space.
The volume of the Electrons orbit, determines the size of what?
The size of the Atom
Does Electrons have a mass, or no mass?
They virtually have no mass.
Explain what Protons are?
They are heavy and positively charged
Explain what Neutrons are?
They are heavy and neutral
Explain what Electrons are?
Tiny and negatively charged
What Relative Mass does a Proton have, and its charge?
Relative mass: 1
Charge: +1 (positive)
What Relative Mass does a Neutron have, and its charge?
Relative mass: 1
Charge: 0 (neutral)
What Relative Mass does Electron have, and its charge?
Relative mass: Relative mass: 0 (very small, about 1/1836 of a proton)
Charge: -1 (negative)
Atoms are ‘Neutral’, what do this mean?
-Atoms are neutral because they have equal numbers of protons and electrons.
-Protons have a positive charge (+1), and electrons have a negative charge (-1).
-Since their charges balance out, the overall charge of the atom is zero (neutral).
What do it mean if Atoms are Neutral?
-If atoms are neutral, it means they have no overall electric charge because the number of positively charged protons equals the number of negatively charged electrons.
What is an Ion?
-a charged particle formed when an atom either gains or loses electrons.
-When an atom loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (a cation), and when it gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (an anion).
Finish the sentence…….
The number of Protons, equals……..
-The number of protons equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
Atomic Number and Mass Number, describes what?
-The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element, which defines the element’s identity.
-The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a specific atom.
The Nuclear symbol of an Atom, tells you what?
-The element’s chemical symbol (e.g., C for carbon).
-The mass number (total number of protons + neutrons) — shown as a superscript (top left).
-The atomic number (number of protons) — shown as a subscript (bottom left).
How do you work out how many Neutrons are in an Atom?
Neutrons = Mass number − Atomic number
Mass number = total protons + neutrons
Atomic number = number of protons
