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C1 Carbon Chemistry Flashcards

(83 cards)

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0
Q

What does finite and non renewable mean

A

No longer being made or being made slowly

They are used up faster than they are made

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1
Q

What is a fossils fuel?

A

Coal, crude oil and gas

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2
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of?

A

Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What does factional distillation do?

A

It separates crude oil into useful products called fractions

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4
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

It works due to different boiling points

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5
Q

What does it produce (7)

A 
Oil
Diesel 
Kerosene (paraffin)
Naphtha
Petrol
LPG( propane and butane gas) 
Paraffin
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6
Q

Name an environmental problem with crude oil

A

It can be exploited and damages the wild life

Oil slicks can case accidents

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7
Q

Which way does the temp gradient go?

A

Cold at the top and hot at the bottom. different boiling points can be seen and hydrocarbons extracted

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8
Q

Name one transportation problem with crude oil

A

Damages bird feather causing deaths

Use of detergents to clean up oil damages the wildlife

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9
Q

Name one political problem with crude oil

A

The uk is dependent on oil and gas politically.

There is also simply issues

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10
Q

What two things does cracking need?

A

A high temperature and a catalyst

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11
Q

What is cracking used to make

A

Liquid paraffin

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12
Q

Name the process that converts alkanes into smaller alkane and alkene molecules.

A

Cracking

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13
Q

What does cracking do and how?

A

Converts large hydrocarbons into smaller useful ones

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14
Q

Why is the amount of fossil fusels being burnt increasing?

A

Increasing world population
And
Growth of use in developing countries

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15
Q

What type of combustion needs a supply of oxygen

A

Complete combustion

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16
Q

Combustion equation in words

A

Hydrocarbon +oxygen =water + carbon dioxide

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17
Q

What does a yellow flame produce?

A

Lots of soot

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18
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce

A

Carbon monoxide which is harmful

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19
Q

What does air contain

A

Oxygen= 21%
Nitrogen =78%
Carbon dioxide =0.0035%

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20
Q

How did the atmosphere evolve?

A

It evolved form gasses escaping from the earth

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21
Q

How did the oxygen levels get to what they are today

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

What produced and oxygen and co2 rich atmosphere?

A

Degassing of early volcanoes

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23
Q

What formed the seas and oceans?

A

Condensing water

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24
What are the three commons air pollutants
Carbon monoxide Oxides of nitrogen Sulphur dioxide
25
Why is there lots of nitrogen in the atmosphere
It is very reactive
26
How is carbon monoxide formed
It's a poison gas formed by incomplete combustion of petrol and diesel in cars
27
What does oxides of nitrogen do?
Cause photochemical smog and acid rain. It is formed in car engine
28
Where is sulphur dioxide formed and what does it do?
It causes acid raid that kills fish and plants and erodes buildings. It is formed when fossils fuels are burnt
29
How is oxides of nitrogen made.
The high temp in the engine causes nitrogen to react with oxygen to create oxides of nitrogen
30
How do we prevent pollution?
A catalytic converter removes carbon monoxide front he exhaust fumes
31
What is a saturated compound?
A single covalent bond between carbon atoms
32
What is a unsaturated compound?
At least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms
33
What does a hydrocarbon contain
Hydrogen and carbon atoms
34
What is an alkANE?
A single covalent bond c-c | Eg. Methane
35
What is an alkENE
A double covalent bond c=c | Eg. Ethene
36
How do you test for Allene's?
Add bromine and shake it will go colourless.
37
How do you test for alkanes?
add bromide and shake, it will stay the same and not change
38
What is polymer
Lots of monomers | Poly =many
39
What happens when you join lots of monomers
You create a polymer
40
What melting point do polymers have.
A low one
41
Name a property of polymers
They are stretchy and can slide over one another
42
Name properties of gore tex
``` Tough Lightweight Keeps out water Breathable Let's sweat out Coated I. Pfte ```
43
Properties of nylon
``` Tough Lightweight Keeps out water and uv Keeps water vapour in Sweat condensed Not breathable Small holes and tight ```
44
Will polymers degrade
No they are non biodegradable and won't decay or decompose by bacterial action
45
Who dot up dispose of polymers
Land fill sites Burn the, Recycle them
46
What is cooking?
A chemical change that forms a new substance , the process is irreversible
47
What happens to eggs and meat when they cook?
They change shape and denature | It is a permanent change
48
What happens to potatoes once cooked ?
The cell walls rupture and they become less rigid and softer | The starch grains swell and spread up.
49
What do emulsifiers do
They help oil and water mix
50
What is the water loving head called
Hydrophilic
51
What is the water hating tail called
Hydrophobic it loves oil but hates water
52
What does baking powder do?
Helps cakes rise
53
How is baking powder made?
Decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate
54
What is an Esther?
A perfume made synthetically
55
Acid plus alcohol =
Esther
56
What does volality mena
Ease of evaporation
57
How does the perfume or smell evaporate
The particles need energy thus attracting the other molecules .
58
Name 4 perfume Properties
Evaporated easily Non toxic Non reactive with skin Insoluble
59
Why won't nail polish come off in water.
The attraction between the water is stronger than between the nail polish and the water
60
What's a solvent
A liquid that dissolves in the solute
61
What's a solute
Something dissolved in the solvent
62
What's a solution
A mixture of two substances (liquid)
63
What does soluble mean
Dissolved the the solvent(only certain ones)
64
What is a paint solvent
It thins paint and makes it easier to spread
65
What's a binding medium ?
It sticks the pigment to the surface
66
What's a pigment
Colour
67
What's is so special about oil paints
The pigment is dissolved an dispersed I the oil and the solvent is too.
68
Paint is colloid what does this mean
It means the paint particles are mixed and dispersed with a liquid but not dissolved. It does not separate as the particles are tiny
69
How do normal Paints dry?
The solvent evaporates leaving the paint dry.
70
How do oil paints dry?
The solvent evaporates The oil is oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen The paint is dry
71
What does thermochromic mean
The paint will change colour in heat
72
How is thermochromic paint used
In baby spoons and mood rings
73
How is Phosphore used
Is glows in the dark and is used in watched
75
How do things glow in the dark
They absorb and store energy then release it as light over time
76
what makes up an atom?
nucleus | electrons in shells
77
whats a ion?
charged atoms
78
whats an ionic bond?
when a positive ion meets a negative ion they will be attracted and join to one annther
79
what are the 4 types of additives?
colours flavour enhansers antioxidants emulsifyers
80
define the term additives
make food last longer and look/taste better
81
whats an emulsifyer?
helps oil and water mix
82
what deos it mean toby hydrophillic?
likes water, hates oil | the head of the emulsifer
83
what does it mean to be hydrophobic?
likes oil, hates water | the tail of an emulisifyer

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