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GCSE Chemistry C1-C6 > C1-Carbon Chemisty > Flashcards

C1-Carbon Chemisty Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What are the difficulties associated with the finite nature of crude oil?

A

Finding replacements

All the readily extractable resources will be used up in the future

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2
Q

List the order of the fractional distillation column from the lowest boiling point to the highest ?

A

LPG,Petrol,Paraffin,Diesel,Heating oil,fuel oils,Bitumen

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3
Q

Why can crude oil be separated?

A

Because the hydrocarbons in different fraction have differently sized molecules

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4
Q

how can unstable countries cause problems for UK citizens regarding oil

A

oil-producing countries can raise their prices and cause problems for non-oil prodcuing countries

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5
Q

what fraction is used to make medicines

A

naphtha

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6
Q

what is the process of cracking

A

cracking turns large alkane molecules into smaller alkene molecules

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7
Q

why are alkene molecules used to make polymers

A

because they have a double bond

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8
Q

why does craking help oil manufactures

A

cracking helps oil manufactures meet demand with products like petrol

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9
Q

why are goverments concerned about the amount of fossil fuels being burned

A

increasing carbon dioxide emissions

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10
Q

burning a hydrocarbon in plenty of air produces?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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11
Q

define complete combustion

A

Complete combustion occurs when a fuel burns in plenty of oxegen

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12
Q

Does incomplete combustion or complete comvbustion prodcue more enrgy

A

Complete combustion

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13
Q

what two things are made during incomplete combustion

A

toxic gas (carbon monoxide) and soot (carbon)

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14
Q

what are the word equations for incomplete combustion are;

A

fuel+oxegen->carbon monoxide +water
OR
fuel +oxegen->carbon +water

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15
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for complete combustion

A

CH,4+2O,2->CO,2+2H,2O

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16
Q

what is the balanced symbol equation for incomplete combustion

A

2CH,4+3O,2->2CO+4H,2O

OR

CH,4+O,2->C+2H,2O

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17
Q

what is the percentages of clean air

A

78%nitrogen,21%oxygen,and of the remaining 1% 0.035 is carbon dioxide

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18
Q

why do the percentages of clean air change very little

A

becasue there is a balence between the processes that use them up and make both carbon dioxide and oxzegen

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19
Q

what 2 things have made the percentage of carbon dioxide increase

A
  • deforestation as more forests are cut down , less photosynthesis takes place
  • increased population the worlds energy requirements increse
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20
Q

what is one theory for how oceans formed and how the current percentages of the atmosphere came about

A

The atmosphere was originally rich in water vapour and carbon dioxide nitorgen slowly increased \nd being unreactive little was ever removed

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21
Q

sulfur dioxide is a pollutant that causes difficulty for people with ?

A

asthma

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22
Q

Sulfur dioxide can also form ?

A

acid rain that damages wildllife and buildings made form limestone

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23
Q

A catalytic converter changes carbon monoxide to

A

Carbon dioxide

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24
Q

inside a catalylic converter a reaction between ……………………………. takes place

A

nitric oxide and carbon monoxide

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25
inside a catalylic converter a reaction between .................................. takes place the two gases formed are natural components of air
nitorgen and carbon dioxide
26
The symbol equation for a catalyst cnverter
2CO+2NO->N^2+2CO^2
27
A hydrocarbon is
A compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms
28
Alkenes have
SINGLE COVALENT BONDS ONLY
29
Akanes have
DOUBLE COVALENT BONDS BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS
30
How would you test for a alkene
Bromine water(it would go colourless)
31
bromine + alkene
A dibromo compound which is couroless
32
saturated compound means
Single bonds between carbon atoms NO DOUBLE BOND BETWEEN CARBON ATOMS
33
An unsaturated compound
At least one double bond between carbon atoms
34
Additional polymerisation is the process where
many alkene monomers react atto give a polymer (this needs high temperature and a catalyst
35
Additional polymerisation involes the reaction of many
unsaturated monomer molecules
36
PTFE stands for?
Polytetrafluroethene / Polyurethane membrane
37
PTFE is too ........ and so has to laminated onto ........
fragile , nylon
38
atoms in polymers are held together by strong
covalent bonds
39
Plastics that have ........intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have low melting points
weak
40
Plastics that have ........intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have high melting points
strong
41
molecules in eggs and meat permanently change shape when eggs and meat are cooked
protein
42
Denaturing is
when a protein is cooked
43
the texture of the egg or meat changes texture when
cooked becaues theychage permantly
44
Potatoe is a ..........................
carbohydrate which is easier to digest becasue the cells of th potatoe rupture
45
Baking powder is
Sodium hydrogen carbonate
46
when its heats up it .............................. to giver carbon dioxide
breaks down
47
the word equation for decompostion of of sodium hydrogen carbonate is
Sodium hydrogen carbonate->sodium carbonate+carbon dioxide+water
48
The head is (emulsifiers)
water loving
49
The tail is (emulsifiers)
water hating
50
............ react with.............. to make an ester and water
Alchols and acids
51
ester are used to make .............
perfums
52
A Perfume must have the following properties
``` Evaporate easilly Non toxic not react with water not irritate skin Insoluble to waster ```
53
A solution is
mixture of a solvent and solute
54
The volatility or ease of evaporation can be explained in terms of
Kinetic energy
55
In order to evaporate
particles need sufficient kinetic energy
56
paint is a ......... where the particles are mixed and dispersed with particles of a liquid but are not ............
colloid,dissolved
57
Most paints dry because
they are applied in thin layers and the solvents evaporates
58
emullsions are ............. paints that dry when the ...............
water, solvent evaporates
59
oil paints dry because
- the solvent evaporates | - the oil is oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen
60
Thermochemical pigments change.......... at different temperature
Colour
61
Thermochemical pigments are used in
kettles mugs babies spoons thermomters
62
Phosphorescent pigments
glow in the dark
63
How do Phosphorescent pigments glow in the dark
absorb and store energy then they release the energy as alight over a period of time

GCSE Chemistry C1-C6 (3 decks)

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