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C1: Introduction to Sociology Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Sociology

A

A social science that examines the human and social world

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2
Q

Society

A

A group of people who form patterns to separate themselves from other groups

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3
Q

Sociological perspective

A

Viewing the world through a sociological lens

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4
Q

Practical Knowledge

A

Observing patterns in a practical way

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5
Q

Scientific knowledge

A

Studying patterns logically using data

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6
Q

Beginner’s mind

A

Blank, unprejudiced mind that yearns to understand

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7
Q

Culture shock

A

Sense of unease that occurs when experiencing a new social or cultural environment

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8
Q

Sociological imagination

A

Mindset that allows for the understanding of the relationship between the individual and the larger world

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9
Q

Microsociology

A

Studies how small group interactions affect the larger society

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10
Q

Macrosociology

A

studies how large-scale structures affect smaller groups

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11
Q

Theory

A

proposition that explains the social world and makes predictions about the future

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12
Q

Auguste Comte (1798 - 1857)

A

Founder of sociology
created Positivism

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13
Q

Positivism

A

Sense perceptions are the only valid source of knowledge

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14
Q

Harriet Martineau (1802 - 1876)

A

Naturalistic sociologist
Translated Comte’s “Introduction to Positive philosophy” into English

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15
Q

Herbert Spencer (1820 - 1903)

A

Sociobiologist
Follower of Darwinism
Coined the term “survival of the fittest”
Social Darwinism: adds principles to society

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16
Q

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917)

A

Structural functionalist
Dysfunction: suffering of one or more structures in society (necessary for change)
Solidarity
Anomie
Religion

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17
Q

Structural functionalism

A

Society is comprised of separate structures that function together

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18
Q

Solidarity

A

Unity within a society

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19
Q

Mechanical solidarity

A

Social bonds are created in a close circle, such as family
Found in agrarian, premodern society

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20
Q

Organic solidarity

A

Social bonds are formed by performing common tasks and interdependence
Found in modern society

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21
Q

Anomie

A

Sense of disconnection or alienation from society

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22
Q

Sacred religion

A

Holy, supernatural, divine

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23
Q

Profane religion

A

Ordinary, basic, everyday

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24
Q

Talcott Parsons (1902 - 1979)

Study These Flashcards
A

Structural functionalist
Follower of Durkheim
Applied SFunc to modern society
Adopted success, education, and social cohesion into SF

25
Robert Merton (1910 - 2003)
Structural Functionalist Manifest / Latent functions
26
Manifest function
Primary function of a social structure Ex: car transports
27
Latent function
Less noticeable function of a social structure Ex: Car causes accidents and death
28
Karl Marx (1818 - 1883)
Conflict theorist Lowkey communist Class struggle and growing wealth gap Critical theory
29
Conflict theory
Conflict is both the basis of society and necessary to enact social change
30
Capitalism
Economic system based on for-profit operation of industries Opp of Marx's ideals
31
Means of production
Any structure that can create wealth
32
Bourgeoisie
Owners of means of productions Wealthy upper class
33
Proletarieat
Working class who sells labor to Bour.
34
Alienation
Dissatisfaction workers feel while producing products others profit from
35
False consciousness
Denial of oppression being embedded in the system
36
Class consciousness
Recognition of oppression that leads to revolts
37
Critical theory
Contemporary form of Conflict theory that criticizes domination and oppression
38
Praxis
Application of a theory to practical action in order to improve society
39
Max Weber (1864 - 1920)
Critical theorist Wealth, status, and prestige Rationalization Bureaucracy Iron cage of Bureaucracy
40
Rationalization
Application of economic logic to human activities
41
Bureaucracy
New social class containing specialists Goal oriented, rule-governed
42
Iron cage of Bureaucracy
Getting caught in Bureaucratic structures and rules that control life
43
George Herbert Mead (1863 - 1931)
Symbolic Interactionist Pragmatism Cognitive dissonance
44
Symbolic interactionism
Interaction and meaning are central to society Micro sociological perspective
45
Pragmatism
Organisms practically adapt to changing environments
46
Cognitive dissonance
Conflicting thoughts and actions
47
Herbert Blumer (1900 - 1987)
Symbolic interactionist Coined the name SI
48
W.E.B Du Bois (1868 - 1963)
Focused on race and inequality First African American to graduate from Harvard Founding member of NAACP
49
Jane Addams (1860 - 1935)
Applied sociologist Founded Hull House -- gave basic livings needs to single mothers, immigrants, and the poor Founder of social work
50
Erving Goffman (1922 - 1982)
Symbolic Interactionist The self is "on loan" to us from society Dramaturgy
51
Dramaturgy
Social life is like a theater performance
52
Harold Garfinkel
Ethnomethodologist Conversation analysis
53
Ethnomethodology
Study of folk methods Shared sense of reality during interactions
54
Conversation analysis
Creating meaning during natural conversations
55
Postmodern theory
Social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux Created as a reaction to modernism
56
Modernism
Opposite of Postmodern theory Trusting the power of science to enact progress and improve life
57
Midrange theory
Integrates empiricism and grand theory
58
Grand theory
Popular sweeping statements made by renowned theorists

Sociology (1 decks)

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