C1 The particulate nature of matter

Question 1

Properties of solids

Answer 1

Fixed shape and volume; Cannot be compressed; Particles bound together

Question 2

Properties of liquids

Answer 2

Fixed volume; No fixed shape; Cannot be compressed; Particles bound together

Question 3

Properties of gases

Answer 3

No fixed shape and volume; Can be compressed; Particles bound together

Question 4

Structure of a solid

Answer 4

packed in an ordered way(tightly); particles can vibrate in place but cannot move out of place

Question 5

Reaction from Solid to Liquid

Answer 5

Melting

Question 6

Reaction from Liquid to Gas

Answer 6

Evaporation

Question 7

Reaction from Liquid to Solid

Answer 7

Freezing

Question 8

Reaction from Gas to Liquid

Answer 8

Condensation

Question 9

Reaction from Solid to Gas

Answer 9

Sublimation

Question 10

Define movement of particles

Answer 10

All particles have some energy. This makes them all move, even in solids; If a particle had no energy it would stop.(unachievable)

Question 11

Structure of a Liquid

Answer 11

Particles packed tightly; in random order; particles can move/flow over each other; particles fill the bottom of the container they are in

Question 12

Structure of a Gas

Answer 12

Particles far apart; packed in random order; particles can move around quickly and freely

Question 13

Define Atom

Answer 13

a particle; all matter is made of them; smallest piece of matter

Question 14

Define Molecule

Answer 14

More than one atom bonded together

Question 15

Define Ion

Answer 15

An atom/molecule that has a positive/negative electrical charge

Question 16

Define Element

Answer 16

Only made of one type of atom

Question 17

Define Compound

Answer 17

Made up of two or more types of atoms chemically bonded together

Question 18

Mass of Proton

Answer 18

1

Question 19

Mass of Neutron

Answer 19

1

Question 20

Mass of Electron

Answer 20

1/2000

Question 21

Charge of Proton

Answer 21

+1

Question 22

Charge of Neutron

Answer 22

0

Question 23

Charge of Electron

Answer 23

-1

Question 24

What is Diffusion?

Answer 24

The movement of particles from a high concentrated area to a low concentrated area.

Question 25

Why do particles diffuse?

Answer 25

- they are moving - perfume particles move randomly in the air - mix with the air particles which are also moving - gradually spread out through the air particles

Question 26

Independent variable (IV)

Answer 26

a thing that I can change in the investigation; x-axis

Question 27

Dependent variable (DV)

Answer 27

a thing that I can measure; y-axis

Question 28

Control variable (CV)

Answer 28

anything that I must keep the same to make it a fair test

Question 29

What is a physical change?

Answer 29

same substance, different state

Question 30

what is a chemical change?

Answer 30

atoms are rearranged and a new substance is made

Question 31

Melting is an example of _____ change.

Answer 31

physical

Question 32

Burning is an example of _____ change.

Answer 32

chemical

Question 33

Is physical change reversible?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Is chemical change reversible?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What happens during a chemical change?

Answer 35

Bubbles are given off(effervescence); Colour change; Precipitate(solid) formed; heat/light given off

Question 36

properties of metals

Answer 36

hard; shiny(lustrous); metallic; magnetic; conducts electricity; ductile(stretches into a wire); malleable; high melting/boiling points

Question 37

properties of non-metals

Answer 37

dull; poor conductors(heat + electricity); low melting/boiling points; brittle

Question 38

What is a Solute?

Answer 38

Substance that is dissolved

Question 39

What is a Solvent?

Answer 39

Substance which does the dissolving

Question 40

What is a Solution?

Answer 40

Resulting mixture

Question 41

What are Isotopes?

Answer 41

atoms of the SAME ELEMENT with SAME number of PROTONS but DIFFERENT number of NEUTRONS; same chemical properties but different physical properties

Question 42

Can chemical reactions be reversed?

Answer 42

All chemical reactions are reversible.

Question 43

Define Ionic bond

Answer 43

The electrostatic attraction(makes an attraction/force) between oppositely charged ions.

Question 44

Define Covalent bond

Answer 44

a shared pair of electrons; only for non metals

Question 45

Conduct electricity =

Answer 45

Movement of charge

Question 46

What is an Ionic lattice?

Answer 46

An ordered 3D structure

Question 47

What are macromolecules?

Answer 47

Molecules that contain a very large number of atoms; giant covalent lattice; carbon atoms arranged differently

Question 48

Carbon has two forms which are classed as giant covalent carbon allotropes:

Answer 48

Diamond and Graphite

Question 49

In diamond, the carbon atoms are arranged in a ____________. Every carbon is bonded to _________ __________ by ___________________.

Answer 49

tetrahedral-like structure, four other carbon atoms, very strong covalent bonds

Question 50

Properties of diamonds

Answer 50

hard and high melting point(due to many strong covalent bonds, which require a lot of energy to overcome); useful for cutting tools and dentist drills

Question 51

cation means

Answer 51

positive ion

Question 52

anion means

Answer 52

negative ion

Question 53

valency means

Answer 53

number of bonds that an atom can make

Question 54

In the graphite, the ______________ are in hexagonal shape, in layers. Each carbon atoms to ____________ carbons by strong ________ bonds. The layers are held together by weak ______________(IMFs).

Answer 54

carbon atoms, three other, covalent, Intermolecular Forces

Question 55

What are intermolecular forces?

Answer 55

forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles; much weaker than covalent bonds

Question 56

graphite properties

Answer 56

high melting point(as they are macromolecules and the layers are bonded with many strong covalent bonds); soft(due to weak intermolecular forces between the layers); useful in pencils and lubricant

Question 57

The element that is further to the left on periodic table comes _______ in the name. The name of the element does not change.

Answer 57

first

Question 58

If there are only two elements within the compound then the compound ends in '_____'. The second element will charge its name ending to '_____'.

Answer 58

ide

Question 59

Have No Fear Of Ice CoLd Beer

Answer 59

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Oxygen, Iodine, Chlorine, Bromine

Question 60

unit of atomic mass

Answer 60

u

Question 61

The Relative Molecular Mass unit

Answer 61

Mr

Question 62

Relative Formula Mass formula

Answer 62

ionic compounds x molecules

Question 63

What does SI units stands for

Answer 63

Standarised units used for measuring. E.g. m, kg, s, mol, A, k ...

Question 64

Both measuring cylinders and pipettes measure

Answer 64

volumes

Question 65

What are precise results?

Answer 65

a set of results, measurements or values that are close to each other

Question 66

what are accurate results?

Answer 66

results, measurements, values that are close to the actual value

Question 67

Define Pure substance

Answer 67

having only one type of particle.

Question 68

Properties of pure substances

Answer 68

sharp melting and boiling point(as the substance has a set mp and bp at which the IMFs break)

Question 69

Impure solids have a _____________ than __________. A liquid with a solute will have a ________________ than the _______.

Answer 69

lower melting point, pure solids, higher boiling point, pure solvent

Question 70

What is chromatography?

Answer 70

separation technique used by food colouring(pigments from mixtures)

Question 71

What is the stationary phase?

Answer 71

paper

Question 72

What is the mobile phase?

Answer 72

water/solvent

Question 73

What is the name of the thing created?

Answer 73

Chromatogram