C10 Metals Flashcards
(33 cards)
Why don’t metals lower than hydrogen in the reactivity series react with dilute hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid?
They are less reactive than hydrogen, so are unable to displace hydrogen from the acid to form a salt
How does the position of a metal in the reactivity series affect whether it will react with dilute acid?
If a metal is above hydrogen, it will react with dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to form a salt and hydrogen
Word equation for the reaction between metals and sulfuric acid
Metal+sulfuric acid>metal sulfate+hydrogen
Word equation for the reaction between metals and hydrocloric acid
Metal+hydrochloric acid>metal chloride +hydrogen
What type of reaction occurs when a metal reacts with an acid? Why does this reaction occur?
Displacement reaction
The metal is more reactive than hydrogen so it will displace hydrogen and combine w the acid
What is produced when metal reacts with acid
Salt and Hydrogen
Why are metals malleable
The positive ions are arranged in uniform rows which are able to slide over one another
Why are metals good conductors
They contain delocalosed electrons which are free to move throughout the structure and carry charge
Why do metals have relatively high melting and boiling points
They have giant structures with strong metallic bonding. Theres a strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and negative so lots of energy is required to break these bonds to change state
Physical properties of metals
High melting and boiling points
Good conductors
Malleable
Ductile
What properties of mild steel make it suitable for use in car bodies and machinery
Tough
Ductile
Malleable
Good tensile strength
How and why is zinc used to make brass
Zinc is alloyed with copper to increase the strength and hardness of the material
What is produced when a metal reacts with oxygen
Metal oxide
How is zinc used in the galvanization process
Zinc can coat steel to prevent rusting. It protects the steel becayse the zinc layer is oxidised before the steel
Uses of aluminium
To manufacture aircraft bc its strong and has a low density
Used in food containers because it is resistant to corrosion
How can aluminim be extracted from its ore
Aluminium is more reactive than carbon so electrolysis must be used
When the molten ore undergoes electrolysis, the pure metal forms at cathode
What is aluminium ore called
Bauxite
Reduction of iron with carbon
2Fe 2 O3 + 3C>4Fe+3CO2
How can iron be extracted from its ore, hematite
Reduction with carbon
Using iron ore, limestone and coke
How is zinc extracted from its ore zinc blende?
Its heated to form zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide or its dissolved in sulfuric acid, then electrolysed to produce pure zinc
Which two methods can be used to extract metals from their ores
Reduction with carbon-only possible if metal is less reactive than carbon
Electrolysis
Which metals are found in the Earths crust as uncombined elements?
Unrecative metals like Gold
What is an ore
A rock with contains metals often chemically combined with other substances
Where are most metals extracted from
From ores found in the Earths crust
