C10 metals

Question 1

Describe metallic bonding [2]

Answer 1

Lattice of positive metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 2

what are characteristics of metal? [5]

Answer 2

-good conductors of heat
-good conductors of electricity
-are solids, often with high melting and boiling points (except for mercury)
-malleable
-ductile

Question 3

Characteristics of non metals [5]

Answer 3

-brittle
-poor conductors of heat
-poor conductors of electricity except graphite
-mostly solids or gases
-not malleable

Question 4

Define alloy

Answer 4

mixture of a metal with another substance

Question 5

Explain why an alloy is more useful than the pure metal?[3]

Answer 5

-harder (difficult to scratch)
-other elements disrupt the lattice structure and
-makes it more difficult to remove the layers from the metal

Question 6

List the reactivity series [11]

Answer 6

-Potassium
-Sodium
-Lithium
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Aluminium
-Carbon for reference
-Zinc
-Iron
-Hydrogen for reference
-Copper
-Gold

Question 7

What is redox [3]

Answer 7

-Reduction and oxidation happening simultaneously
-involved in extraction of metals
-using materials with higher reactivity (carbon for iron)

Question 8

What is oxidation

Answer 8

loss of electrons

Question 9

What is reduction

Answer 9

gain of electrons

Question 10

define malleable

Answer 10

can be bent or hammered into shape

Question 11

define ductile

Answer 11

can be drawn into wires

Question 12

what is brass?

Answer 12

an alloy of copper and zinc

Question 13

What do we call an alloy that contains iron and other substances

Answer 13

steel

Question 14

why is nickel and chromium alloyed with iron? [2]

Answer 14

chromium prevents steel from rusting, nickel makes it harder

Question 15

How does the reactivity of a metal relate to how easy it is to extract from its ore?

Answer 15

the more reactive a metal is the more difficult it is to extract from its ore

Question 16

How does the reactivity of a metal relate to its tendency to form a positive ion?

Answer 16

The more reactive a metal the easier it is to lose its valence electrons and form a positive ion

Question 17

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid

Answer 17

Mg + 2HCl –> MgCl₂ + H₂

Question 18

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen?

Answer 18

2Mg + O₂ –> 2MgO

Question 19

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between sodium and cold water

Answer 19

2Na + 2H₂O –> 2NaOH + H₂

Question 20

Write a symbol equation for the reaction between magnesium and steam

Answer 20

Mg + H₂O –> MgO + H₂

Question 21

Define an ore

Answer 21

a rock that contains a high enough percentage of metal for economic extraction

Question 22

Why is it important that metals are recycled?

Answer 22

-because metal ares are finite
-reduce polution
-reduce energy use (less money)

Question 23

How are elements above carbon in the reactivity series extracted from their ores?

Answer 23

Electrolysis

Question 24

How is iron extracted from the metal ore haematite in the blast furnace

Answer 24

by heating with carbon

Question 25

Write 3 symbol equations to show how carbon is used to extract iron from haematite [3]

Answer 25

C + O₂ –> CO₂
C + CO₂ –> 2CO
Fe₂O₃ + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO₂

Question 26

Explain with the use of 2 symbols equations why limestone (CaCO₃) is used in the blast furnace [3]

Answer 26

To remove acidic impurities such as silicon (IV)oxide
CaCO₃ –> CaO + CO₂
CaO + SiO₂ –> CaSiO₃

Question 27

Explain two uses of aluminium [4]

Answer 27

Aircraft - low density and strength
food containers - corrosion resistance

Question 28

Describe the uses of mild steel and stainless steel [2]

Answer 28

mild steel - car bodies and machinery
stainless steel - chemical plants and cutlery

Question 29

Describe and explain the apparent unreactivity of aluminium [2]

Answer 29

Aluminium forms an oxide layer which protects the metal underneath

Question 30

Explain why zinc is used for galvanishing steel [2]

Answer 30

As a more reactive metal zinc provies sacrificial protection, this means it reacts before the metal underneath

Question 31

Which metals react with dilute acid but not cold water? [5]

Answer 31

Magnesium, Aluminium, zinc, iron, lead (iron and lead react slowly)

Question 32

What are the properties of high carbon steel? [2]

Answer 32

strong but brittle
-used for cutting tools and blades

Question 33

What are the properties of low carbon steel? (mild steel)[2]

Answer 33

soft but malleable
-used for car bodies

Question 34

Describe bronze [3]

Answer 34

-an alloy of copper and tin
-tin makes it harder
-used to make coins, statues, and electrical hardware

Question 35

Describe Gold alloy [2]

Answer 35

-pure gold is soft so silver, copper and zinc is used for more resilience
-24 carot = 100%

Question 36

Describe brass

Answer 36

-alloy of copper and zinc
-zinc makes it stronger and more ductile
-used for water taps, instruments, door knobs

Question 37

Why is carbon used to extract ores? [2]

Answer 37

-cheap
-abundant

Question 38

what iron is formed in the blast furnace?

Answer 38

pig/cast iron

Question 39

What is slag used for?

Answer 39

road and rail construction

Question 40

How are other impurities removed from pig iron? [2]

Answer 40

-by blowing oxygen and making oxides
-sulfur oxide, silicon oxide, carbon oxide, phosphorus oxide

Question 41

What is the name of aluminium ore

Answer 41

bauxite