C10 Organic Reactions

Question 1

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 1

C(n)H(2n+1)OH

Question 2

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 2

-O-H

Question 3

What is the functional group of alkenes?

Answer 3

C=C

Question 4

What are the first four alcohols?

Answer 4

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

Question 5

What is the formula for methanol?

Answer 5

CH3OH

Question 6

What is the formula for ethanol?

Answer 6

C2H5OH

Question 7

What is the formula for propanol?

Answer 7

C3H7OH

Question 8

What is the formula for butanol?

Answer 8

C4H9OH

Question 9

What is a functional group?

Answer 9

a specific atom or group of atoms which give an organic molecule certain physical or chemical properties.

Question 10

What is a homologous series?

Answer 10

a group of organic compounds with the same functional group that each consecutive one differs by CH2

Question 11

What is the general formula for carboxylic acid?

Answer 11

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 12

What is the functional group of carboxylic acid?

Answer 12

• C = O
  I
  O - H

Question 13

What are the first four carboxylic acids?

Answer 13

Methanoic Acid
Ethanoic Acid
Propanoic Acid
Butanoic Acid

Question 14

What is the formula for methanoic acid?

Answer 14

HCOOH

Question 15

What is the formula for ethanoic acid?

Answer 15

CH3COOH

Question 16

What is the formula for propanoic acid?

Answer 16

C2H5COOH

Question 17

What is the formula for butanoic acid?

Answer 17

C3H7COOH

Question 18

Each member of a homologous series differs from the next by….

Answer 18

CH2

Question 19

Why do alkenes usually to produce a smokier flame?

Answer 19

They tend to undergo incomplete combustion due to a higher carbon to hyrdogen ratio

Question 20

What are addition reactions?

Answer 20

Atoms of a simple molecule add across the C=C double bond

Question 21

What is the reagant of hydrogenation?

Answer 21

Hydrogen

Question 22

What are the conditions needs for hydrogenation?

Answer 22

A nickel catalyst at 150°C

Question 23

What is the reagent for Halogenation?

Answer 23

Halogens

Question 24

What is a use of hydrogenation?

Answer 24

Used to make margerines

Question 25

What is the product of hydrogenation?

Answer 25

Alkane

Question 26

What is the reagent in Hydration?

Answer 26

Steam (water)

Question 27

What is the product of Hydration?

Answer 27

Alcohol

Question 28

What are uses of hydration?

Answer 28

Fuels
Solvents
Drinks

Question 29

State the conditions required to produce a mixture of water and ethanol from a solution of sugar.

Answer 29

Anaerobic
Warm
Yeast present

Question 30

Why are smaller alcohol molecules good solvents?

Answer 30

They can mix with water, fats and oils

Question 31

What can be said about the combustion of short chain alcohols?

Answer 31

Complete combustion, burning cleanly which produced an odourless yellow flame

Question 32

What is the word equation for the reaction between sodium and alcohol?

Answer 32

Sodium + Alcohol —> Sodium alkoxide + Hydrogen

Question 33

What observations can be made from the reaction of sodium and alcohols?

Answer 33

Fizzing and Sodium disappears

• note: similar to water and sodium but less vigorous

Question 34

What is the word equation for the reaction between alcohol and oxygen?

Answer 34

Oxygen + Alcohol —> Carboxylic Acid + Water

Question 35

Why does Carboxylic Acid produce weakly acidic solutions in Water?

Answer 35

Carboxylic Acid partially ionise in water

Question 36

What is fermentation?

Answer 36

the reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide