C11 - Polymers

Question 1

define monomer

Answer 1

small molecules that bond together to make polymers

Question 2

describe addition polymerisation

Answer 2

the double covalent bond between carbon opens up and is replaced with a single bond. This bonds to more monomers forming an addition polymer

Question 3

chemical equation:
ethene to poly(ethene)

Answer 3

equation

Question 4

difference between products of condensation and addition polymerisation

Answer 4

addition → addition polymer
condensation → condensation polymer + small molecule (usually water)

Question 5

difference between reactants of condensation and addition polymerisation

Answer 5

In condensation, 2 types of monomers are used with different functional groups that react together. in addition only 1 type of monomer is used

Question 6

define diol

Answer 6

an alcohol containing two -OH groups

Question 7

define dicarboxylic acid

Answer 7

a carboxylic acid containing two -COOH groups

Question 8

Name reactants for forming a polyester

Answer 8

diol and dicarboxylic acid

Question 9

representing diol and dicarboxylic acid

Answer 9

HO — ☐ — OH
HOOC — ☐ — COOH

Question 10

chemical equation:
condensation polymerisation producing a polyester

Answer 10

n(HO — ☐ — OH) + n(HOOC — ☐ — COOH)
→
-(- O — ☐ — O — CO — ☐ — CO -)-_n + 2nH ₂O

Question 11

define monosaccharide

Answer 11

molecule made of one sugar unit

Question 12

4 examples of natural polymers and their monomers

Answer 12

• starch polymer - glucose
• cellulose polymer - glucose
• protein polymer - amino acid
• DNA - nucleotide

Question 13

name:

the two functional groups of amino acids

Answer 13

base (–NH₂) and acid (–COOH)

Question 14

Word equation:
producing polypeptide

Answer 14

condensation polymerisation
n amino acids → polypeptide + water

Question 15

name the simplest amino acid

Answer 15

glycine