C12 1-4

Question 1

Identify the four major regions of the adult brain.

Answer 1

Cerebral hemispheres, dicephalon, brain stem, cerebellum

Question 2

Where are grey and white matter found in the brain?

Answer 2

CNS consists of a central cavity surrounded by grey matter core (motor neurons, interneurons, some unmyelinated axons), external to which is white matter.

The cerebrum and cerebellum have an out grey matter layer, which is scattered to grey matter nuclei in the spinal cord.

Question 3

Describe the anatomy of the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 3

Continuous with each other + central canal of the spinal cord.
They are filled with CSF and lined with ependymal cells.

Question 4

Describe the location of the lateral ventricles of the brain.

Answer 4

C-shaped, deep within each cerebral hemisphere

Question 5

Describe the location of the third ventricles of the brain.

Answer 5

Narrow, within the diencephalon

Question 6

Describe the location of the fourth ventricles of the brain.

Answer 6

Lies between the pons and the cerebellum

Question 7

Gyri

Answer 7

Elevated ridges of tissue

Question 8

Sulci

Answer 8

Shallow grooves, mark entire surface of cerebral hemispheres

Question 9

Fissure

Answer 9

Deeper grooves, separate large regions

Question 10

How much mass of the brain do the cerebral hemispheres account for?

Answer 10

83%

Question 11

Basic regions of each cerebral hemisphere?

Answer 11

Superficial cerebral cortex of grey matter, internal white matter, basal nuclei (islands of grey matter situated deep within the white matter.)

Question 12

Cerebral cortex

Answer 12

The outer grey matter region of the central hemispheres

Question 13

Cerebrum

Answer 13

The cerebral hemishperes (incl. the cerebral cortex, white matter, and basal nuclei)

Question 14

Lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 14

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula

Question 15

Frontal lobe. 10

Answer 15

Voluntary motor fctn, verbal comms, sense of smell

decision making, concentration, planning

motivation, aggression, personality,
mood

Question 16

Parietal lobe. 1

Answer 16

Receiving and evaluating most sensory information - general senses

(not smell hearing and vision)

Question 17

Occipital lobe 2

Answer 17

Receives and integrates visual input

stores visual memories

Question 18

Temporal lobe. 3

Answer 18

Receives and evaluates input for smell and hearing

plays a role in memory

Ant/inf portions are “psychic cortex” - abstract thought, judgement.

Question 19

Insula (lobe…). 4

Answer 19

social emotions - lust, pride, guilt.
cravings,
pain anticipation,
empathy.

Question 20

What are the cerebral hemispheres separated by at the midline?

Answer 20

Longitudinal fissure (separates brain into left and right)

Question 21

What separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum?

Answer 21

transverse cerebral fissure (separates cerebelum from the rest of the brain)

Question 22

Where is the central sulcus?

Answer 22

It extends across the lateral surface of the cerebrum, about midway along the length of the brain. (separates the frontal and parietal lobe)

Question 23

Where and what is the precentral gyrus?

Answer 23

Anterior to the central sulcus, it is the primary motor cortex

Question 24

Where and what is the postcentral gyrus?

Answer 24

Posterior to the central sulcus, it is the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 25

Where is the lateral sulcus?

Answer 25

It separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes.

Question 26

What does the cerebral cortex allow us to do?

Answer 26

Where our conscious mind is found - allows us to

• be aware of ourselves
• be aware of sensations
• communicate
• remember
• understand
• initiate voluntary movements

Question 27

What is the cerebral cortex made of?

Answer 27

Neuron cell bodies, 
dendrites, 
glia, 
blood vessels.  
No fiber tracts!

Question 28

What are the functional areas of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 28

Motor/Sensory/Association

Question 29

Motor areas?

Answer 29

control voluntary motor functions

Question 30

Sensory areas?

Answer 30

provide for the conscious awareness of sensation

Receive raw data

Question 31

Association areas?

Answer 31

integrate diverse information for purposeful action

Memory banks

Question 32

Ventricle layout

Answer 32

Lat vent -- septum pellucidum -- Lat vent
                                 |
              interventricular foramina
                                 |
                           3rd vent
                                 |
                  Cerebral aqueduct 
                                 |
                           4th vent
                                 |
                      Central canal