C1.2 Cell respiration

Question 1

Creation and function of ATP

Answer 1

produced during respiration, fuels most biological reactions and stores the chemical energy

Question 2

Structure of ATP

Answer 2

A nucleotide: 5-carbon sugar, nitrogenous base (adenine), three phosphate groups

Question 3

What processes is ATP required for?

Answer 3

Many life processes, including synthesising molecules, movements and active transport

Question 4

Where does the energy come from to build ATP from ADP? (3)

Answer 4

Cell respiration (energy released from oxidising carbs, fats or proteins), photosynthesis (light energy converted to chemical), or chemosynthesis (energy released from oxidising inorganic substances

Question 5

Cell respiration definition

Answer 5

Carried out by enzymes in a controlled environment, energy comes from food

Question 6

Types of cell respiration (2)

Answer 6

Anaerobic respiration (glucose broken down without oxygen, small but quick production of ATP + lactate, H+ ions accumulate and prevent process beyond 2min), and Aerobic respiration (pyruvate absorbed by mitochondria when oxygen available, broken down to CO2 and water, large amount of ATP produced)

Question 7

Measuring cellular respiration

Answer 7

With respirometer

Question 8

ATP as a molecule

Answer 8

Adenosine triphosphate = nucleotide

Question 9

Interconversions of ATP and ADP

Answer 9

Energy released when ATP to ADP (one phosphate group released) in HYDROLYSIS, energy required to synthesise ATP from ADP and phosphate

Question 10

Cell respiration and gas exchange

Answer 10

Interdependent = gas exchange ensures oxygen supply + getting rid of CO2, cell respiration ensures concentration gradients which cause gases to diffuse