C1.2 Cell Respiration

Question 1

What is the primary purpose of cell respiration?

Answer 1

To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.

Question 2

True or False: Cell respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

What are the three main stages of aerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.

Answer 4

cytoplasm.

Question 5

What is the net gain of ATP from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Answer 5

2 ATP.

Question 6

Which molecule is produced at the end of glycolysis?

Answer 6

Pyruvate.

Question 7

What is the main role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Answer 7

To act as an electron carrier.

Question 8

True or False: The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

What is produced during the Krebs cycle that is essential for the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 9

NADH and FADH2.

Question 10

Describe the location of the Electron Transport Chain.

Answer 10

It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 11

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Answer 11

Oxygen.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Fermentation occurs in the absence of ______.

Answer 12

oxygen.

Question 13

What are the two types of fermentation?

Answer 13

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

Question 14

True or False: Lactic acid fermentation occurs in yeast.

Answer 14

False.

Question 15

What is the main product of alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 15

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Question 16

Which process generates the most ATP?

Answer 16

Aerobic respiration.

Question 17

What is the total theoretical yield of ATP from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

Answer 17

Up to 38 ATP.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to extract energy is called ______.

Answer 18

catabolism.

Question 19

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 19

The production of ATP using the energy from electron transport and the proton gradient.

Question 20

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Answer 20

To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 21

True or False: All organisms perform cellular respiration.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

Answer 22

The direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

Question 23

What is the main function of coenzymes in cellular respiration?

Answer 23

To assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle is also known as the ______ cycle.

Answer 24

Citric acid.

Question 25

What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration?

Answer 25

Carbon dioxide and water.

Question 26

True or False: The energy from glucose is released all at once.

Answer 26

False.

Question 27

What role does oxygen play in the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 27

It acts as the final electron acceptor.

Question 28

What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

Answer 28

It drives ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis.

Question 29

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?

Answer 29

Pyruvate dehydrogenase.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The byproduct of the Krebs cycle is ______.

Answer 30

carbon dioxide.

Question 31

What is the role of FAD in cellular respiration?

Answer 31

To serve as an electron carrier like NAD+.

Question 32

True or False: ATP can be stored in large amounts in cells.

Answer 32

False.

Question 33

What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 33

To produce electron carriers for the Electron Transport Chain.

Question 34

What happens during lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 34

Glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP.

Question 35

Fill in the blank: The conversion of glucose to pyruvate is called ______.

Answer 35

glycolysis.

Question 36

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 36

The movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP.

Question 37

In which part of the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 37

In the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 38

What is the main energy currency of the cell?

Answer 38

ATP.

Question 39

Fill in the blank: The complete oxidation of glucose involves ______ respiration.

Answer 39

aerobic.

Question 40

What do we call the process of converting energy stored in food into ATP?

Answer 40

Cellular respiration.

Question 41

True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

Answer 41

True.

Question 42

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Answer 42

To accept electrons at the end of the Electron Transport Chain.

Question 43

What are the two stages of glycolysis?

Answer 43

Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: The energy released during electron transport is used to pump protons into the ______ space.

Answer 44

intermembrane.

Question 45

What is the significance of the mitochondrial inner membrane's structure?

Answer 45

It increases the surface area for the Electron Transport Chain.

Question 46

Which type of cell respiration occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise?

Answer 46

Lactic acid fermentation.

Question 47

What is the end product of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 47

Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

Question 48

What is the primary role of the Electron Transport Chain?

Answer 48

To create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

Question 49

True or False: Glycolysis is an anaerobic process.

Answer 49

True.