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Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

examines the influence of social processes on the way people think, feel and behave

Question 2

Social Cognition

Answer 2

Initial Impressions: initial perceptions make a difference; and have shown strong effects
A person presented with positive traits first was found to be more sociable and happier

Question 3

Social Influence:

Answer 3

the presence of others energizes performance

Question 4

Social Norms:

Answer 4

shared expectations about thoughts, feelings and behavior; can vary by time and place; culturally sensitive

Question 5

Social Role:

Answer 5

Social Role: a set of norms which characterize how people in specific social positions should behave

Question 6

Role Conflict:

Answer 6

Role Conflict: norms accompanying different roles may clash

Question 7

Conformity:

Answer 7

Conformity: the adjustment of people’s behavior, attitudes and beliefs to a group.

Question 8

Informational social influence:

Answer 8

: follow the opinions of those we believe have accurate knowledge and believe they are doing the right or correct or desirable thing.

Question 9

Normative social influence:

Answer 9

conform to obtain rewards that come from being accepted by other people while trying to avoid rejection.

Question 10

Situational Influence on behaviors:

Answer 10

Situational Influence on behaviors: see others engaging in a behavior, likely to be influenced by it

Question 11

Asch Conformity Study

Answer 11

When people were alone they got the answer correct
When in a group only ~ 25% appeared to remain completely independent in their responses.

Question 12

Factors which affected conformity

Answer 12

Group size: conformity increased from 5-35% as group size increased
After 5 this stabilized

Presence of a dissenter: when someone else dissents he/she serves as a model and it significantly reduces conformity

Question 13

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 13

an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes inconsistencies in actions, attitudes and beliefs.

Question 14

Strategies to reduce dissonance:

Answer 14

Focus on more supportive beliefs
Reduce the importance of the conflicting belief
Change the conflicting belief

Question 15

Attitudes

Answer 15

a positive or negative evaluative reaction toward a person, object or concept

Question 16

Attitude Strength: ABCD

Answer 16

the durability or impact of an attitude
Durability: if it lasts over time
Impact: if it impacts behavior or thoughts

Cognitive: beliefs about the object
Affective: emotional feelings about the object
Behavioral: predisposition to act in a certain way toward an object

Question 17

Attitudes do not necessarily determine or predict our behavior

Answer 17

influenced by several factors
Attitudes influence behavior more strongly when the counteracting situational factors are weak

Question 18

Attitudes

Answer 18

a greater influence over our behaviors when we are aware of them and when they are strongly held

Question 19

Group effects-Social Loafing:

Answer 19

reduced effort that occurs when people work in groups

Question 20

Group Polarization:

Answer 20

group discussions lead to more extreme positions

Question 21

Groupthink:

Answer 21

groups may be less effective to keep agreement among members

Question 22

Persuasion

Answer 22

the deliberate effort to change or impact one’s attitude

Question 23

Norm of reciprocity:

Answer 23

: the golden rule; to get you to comply with a request you are given an unsolicited favor or gift

Question 24

Door in the face technique:

Answer 24

persuader makes a large request expecting you to reject and then makes a smaller request believing you will be more likely to comply

Question 25

Foot in the Door:

Answer 25

a persuader gets you to comply with a small request and then presents a larger request thinking you will now be more likely to comply

Question 26

Low-balling:

Answer 26

the persuader gets you to commit to an action then before you perform it the “cost increases”

Question 27

Obedience:

Answer 27

Obedience: a form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority

Question 28

Altruism

Answer 28

WHEN U DO SOMETHING THAT DOESNT BENEFIT U

Question 29

Diffusion of responsibility:

Answer 29

when others are present the responsibility to help is divided among those present

Question 30

Bystander Effect:

Answer 30

people are less likely to provide help when in groups

Question 31

Bystander Research

Answer 31

Bystander Research
Bystander won’t help if they don’t notice
Decide if it is an emergency
If an emergency: intervene or not
Take on responsibility: begin to question
self-efficacy and confidence
Intervene regardless of cost

Question 32

Who we are more willing to help:

Answer 32

People who are more similar to us
Women are more likely to be helped than men
Perceived responsibility: more likely to help those who we view as “true victims”

Gender, Race and SES are all variables that impact rates of altruism.

Question 33

Attraction

Answer 33

Situational Factors:
Proximity: being near increases likelihood;
Exposure/availability increases attraction

Psychological Factors
Similarity in attitudes, values and interests

Physical Factors
Body Shape: males as inverted triangles, females as hour glass
Symmetry: bilaterally symmetrical more attractive

Question 34

Matching Hypothesis

Answer 34

people tend to opt for those at their same level of attractiveness

Question 35

Gender Differences:

Answer 35

males and females place significant emphasis on physical attraction in early stages of relationships, but the strength of this feature may not last as long for women (

Question 36

Passionate Love:

Answer 36

Passionate Love: intensely emotional and physical

Question 37

Companionate Love:

Answer 37

Companionate Love: deep affection, share emotional intimacy and friendship

Question 38

Intimacy:

Answer 38

Intimacy: sense of closeness and sharing

Question 39

Passion:

Answer 39

Passion: emotional, physical

Question 40

Commitment:

Answer 40

efforts to maintain the relationship with difficulties and costs

Question 41

Tell me the triangle

Answer 41

ans

Question 42

Prejudice:

Answer 42

Prejudice: negative attitudes towards people based on membership in a group

Question 43

Stereotypes:

Answer 43

Stereotypes: characteristics we attribute to people based on their membership in a group

Question 45

—————— impact our impressions and attributions

Answer 45

Prejudice and stereotypes impact our impressions and attributions

Question 46

Discrimination

Answer 46

Discrimination: treat people differently and unfairly based on group affiliation

Question 47

Illusory correlation:

Answer 47

Illusory correlation: people tend to overestimate the number of confirmations of an association between social traits.

Question 48

Self-serving bias:

Answer 48

We attribute our successes to personal factors and our failures to situational forces.

Question 49

Fundamental Attribution Error (Bias):

Answer 49

In contrast to the self-serving bias, we assume others’ failures are due to personal or internal or dispositional factors.

Question 50

collectivistic cultures

Answer 50

People from collectivistic cultures are less prone to the fundamental attribution error or the self-serving bias

Question 51

counter biases

Answer 51

but learning about them is one way to start the process.

Question 52

group membership

Answer 52

Group Membership: We categorize ourselves as “in group” or “out group” and view our members in more favorable terms. Desire to put things into categories had some

Question 53

Homogeneity Bias:

Answer 53

Homogeneity Bias: believe those in the “out group” are all the same, although we see the diversity within our own group

Question 54

group conflict.

Answer 54

Working on a common task or goal (superordinate goal) is an effective way to reduce in/out group conflict.

Question 55

solutions for complex challenges such as systemic racism and bias.

Answer 55

Teaching about implicit biases and challenging incorrect assumptions can be helpful in reducing negative stereotypes and behaviors.
Direct contact with individuals from another group reduces prejudice.
Intergroup contact can increase a new intergroup identity encouraging more positive and realistic perceptions of those in the other group.
Direct contact through the development of intergroup friendships is a particularly successful method to reduce prejudice and negative attributions.