C13 - Halogenoalkanes

Question 1

Halogenoalkanes general formula

Answer 1

CnH2n+1X

Question 2

Why is the C-X bond polar

Answer 2

Due to difference in electronegativity

Question 3

Increasing the chain lengths effect on solubility and melting point

Answer 3

Decreased solubility
Increased melting point

Question 4

How is alcohol formed

Answer 4

Halogenoalkanes + Hydroxide (Heated)

Question 5

How is a nitrile formed

Answer 5

Halogenoalkane + NA/KCN (Ethanolic + Heated)

Question 6

How is a 1° amine formed

Answer 6

Halogenoalkane+ excess NH3 (heated under pressure

Question 7

Very generally speaking, how does nucleophilic substitution work

Answer 7

Nucleophile is attracted to C&+
Halogen gains an electron and is seperated

Question 8

How to measure rate of reaction

Answer 8

Dissolve in ethanol
Add AGNO3 + H2O
Measure time for precipitate to form

Question 9

A lower C-X bond enthalpy means

Answer 9

Increased rate of reaction

Question 10

Elimination reaction equation

Answer 10

Halogenoalkane+ Hydroxide (Ethanolic) (Heated) -> alkene

Question 11

How does a elimination reaction occur

Answer 11

:OH- bonds to hydrogen.
H-C bond becomes C=C bond
C-X bond breaks