C14 Crude Oil And Fuels [Paper 2]

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Compound containing carbon and hydrogen only

Question 2

How is crude oil formed?

Answer 2

Over millions of years from the remains of ancient biomass

Question 3

What are the alkanes?

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons that only have single bonds (saturated)

Question 4

What are the first four alkanes?

Answer 4

Methane, ethane, propane, butane

Question 5

What is the general formula for the alkanes?

Answer 5

C n H 2n+2

Question 6

How does boiling point depend on the chain length?

Answer 6

Longer the chain, higher the boiling point

Question 7

How does viscosity depend on chain length?

Answer 7

Longer the chain, higher the viscosity

Question 8

How does flammability depend on chain length?

Answer 8

Longer the chain length, lower the flammability

Question 9

How can the different alkanes in crude oil be separated?

Answer 9

Fractional distillation

Question 10

What is a fraction?

Answer 10

A group of hydrocarbons with similar chain lengths

Question 11

Name five useful products from fractional distillation

Answer 11

Petrol, diesel oil, kerosene, heavy fuel oil, and liquid petroleum gases

Question 12

Name four useful materials produced from crude oil fractions

Answer 12

Solvents, lubricant, polymers, detergents

Question 13

What is cracking?

Answer 13

Breaking down a hydrocarbon with a long chain into small molecules

Question 14

Name two methods to carry out cracking

Answer 14

Steam cracking and catalytic cracking

Question 15

What are the products of cracking?

Answer 15

Short chain, alkanes and alkenes

Question 16

What are alkenes?

Answer 16

Hydrocarbons with a double bond (unsaturated)

Question 17

What are alkenes used for?

Answer 17

Formation of polymers