C1.5 Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons a mixture of?
Hydrogen and Carbon only
What is crude oil?
Mixture of hydrocarbons
What is fractional distillation?
Method used to separate crude oil.
Uses of gas?
Fuel for vehicles, camping stoves, heating & cooking
Uses of petrol?
Fuel for cars
Uses of kerosene?
Aircraft fuel
Uses of diesel oil?
Fuel for diesel engines
Uses of fuel oil?
Large ships and power stations
Uses of bitumen?
Roads and waterproofing roofs.
As you go from gases to bitumen how do the properties change?
Length of molecule increases, ease of ignition increases, boiling point increases and viscosity goes from runny to thick
What is the chemical test for carbon dioxide?
Bubble through limewater and it will turn it cloudy.
What are the products of incomplete combustion?
Carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide and soot
Problems with acid rain?
Damages trees, weathering of rocks, rivers and lakes become acidic killing fish.
What is the greenhouse gas effect?
Light rays pass through the atmosphere and get absorbed and re-radiated by the earth as heat energy.
Heat energy is trapped by the greenhouse gases
What are biofuels?
Possible alternative from fossil fuels made by plants
Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels?
Biofuels need lots of land
biofuels are renewable
What makes a good fuel?
Doesn't release harmful gases easy to transport easily available easy to ignite not finite doesn't produce smoke releases a lot of energy
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons. CnH(2n+2)
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons. CnH(2n)
Test for alkenes?
Bromine water which is naturally brown/orange.
Alkane nothing happens
Alkene bromine turns clear
What is catalytic cracking?
Large hydrocarbons are broken into smaller molecules using heat and a catalyst.
Small molecules produced are separated by distillation.
What is polymerisation?
Makes long chains from lots of short ones.
Recycling polymers?
Manufactured polymers do not rot away when you through them out.
When its burnt it releases toxic substances
They are hard to recycle because lots of sorting has to be done first
