c1900–present: Crime and punishment in modern Britain Flashcards
(28 cards)
What were new crimes now?
Tax evasion
Cyber-crime
Minor driving offences
Person trafficking
What was the 1967 Sexual Offences Act?
Decriminalised homosexual acts in private between two men aged 21 or over.
What was the 2005 Criminal Justices ACT purpose? And how?
Modernise and improve the criminal justice system’s fairness and efficiency
BY: Intro. to new laws
Courts to impose tougher sentences
What was the 1968 Race Relations Act?
extend the 1965 Race Relations Act and strengthen laws against racial discrimination
What is a feature of the 1965 Race Relations Act?
illegal to refuse housing, employment, or public services based on race, colour, ethnic or national origins
What is the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2005?
make it a criminal offence to incite hatred against people based on their religion (added to existing laws on racial hatred).
What was the 1968 Abortion Act?
legalise abortion under certain conditions and make it safe and regulated.
What was 2015 Modern Slavery Act?
combat modern slavery and human trafficking in the UK.
protect victims and increase punishments for offenders.
What happened in 1947 for women?
1947 – Women Admitted to Police Training College just like men
When was the intoduction to the fingerprint?
1901
1988 first murder convictions based DNA
When was the 999 emergency number introduced?
1937
When Did Police Start Using Software?
1980s onwards – Police forces, including the Met, began using specialised software to assist in crime detection and record-keeping.
When Were Breathalysers First Used in the UK?
1967 – Breathalysers were introduced by the Road Safety Act.
When did Fraud Squad start being used?
1946
When did bomb squad start being used?
1971
What kind of form of collective responsibilty was there during c1900-present?
Neighbourhood Watch 1982
When was the death penalty abolished?
1965
How did prisons change? c1900-present
1896 - Mentally Ill prisons treated separately
1902-hard labour ends
1922 - separate system ends
How were open prison being developed in c1900-present?
1933 open prisons:
Designed to help low-risk prisoners prepare for life after release
What was the Specialised Treatment of Young Offenders?
Special youth detention centres for offenders aged 16–21 (later under 18).
Focused on reform and training, not just punishment.
Non-Custodial Alternatives c1900-present:
community service
Curfews
fines
What was the treatment of Conscientious Objectors in WW1?
1916 Military Service Act (WWI):
Introduced conscription but allowed exemption for conscientious objectors (COs).
COs had to appear before tribunals to prove their beliefs.
Some COs were:
Granted exemption from combat but had to do non-combat roles (e.g. ambulance drivers).
Refused exemption and faced imprisonment.
What was the treatment of Conscientious Objectors in WW2?
In WWII, COs were treated with somewhat more understanding but still faced social stigma (farming jobs)
What were public attitudes against conscienctious objectors?
gave white feather
