C2

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 2

How are ionic compounds held together?

Answer 2

• they are held together in a giant lattice
• regular structure that extends in all directions in a substance
• electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions holds structure together

Question 3

How are the particles in a solid arranged?

Answer 3

-vibrate in a fixed position
-regular pattern
-tightly packed
-no space between particles
-low amount of KE

Question 4

How are the particles in liquid arranged?

Answer 4

• randomly arranged
  -move around eachother
  -can flow and take shape of the container
  -higher KE then a solid

Question 5

How are particles in gases arranged?

Answer 5

-easy to compress
-randomly arranged
-move very quickly
-flow to fill container
-highest KE

Question 6

State of the properties of ionic substances

Answer 6

-High melting and boiling point(Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions)
-Conduct when molten or dissolved in water(ions are free to move)
-Do not conduct electricity when solid
(Ions in fixed positions)

Question 7

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 7

Covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two atoms?

Question 8

Describe the structure and properties of simple molecular covalent substances?

Answer 8

-Do not conduct electricity
-Small molecules
-Weak intermolecular forces
-Low melting and boiling points

Question 9

What are polymers?

Answer 9

Polymers are very large molecules with atoms linked by covalent bonds.

Question 10

What are giant covalent substances,their properties and give examples?

Answer 10

-Solids, atoms covalently bonded together in a giant lattice
-High melting/boiling points - Strong covalent bonds
-Mostly don’t conduct electricity
-Diamond graphite, silicon dioxide

Question 11

What is the structure and properties of a diamond?

Answer 11

-Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
-Strong and diamond has a high melting and boiling point
-Does not conduct electricity(no free ions)

Question 12

State of the structure and properties of graphite?

Answer 12

-Made up of layers of carbon attached in the hexagons
-Each carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons and has 1 free delocalised electron

Question 13

What can fullerene be used to do?

Answer 13

Deliver drugs into the body

Question 14

When does metallic bonding occur?

Answer 14

-Metallic bonding occurs between metals.
-Only positive metal irons are surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
-The ions are tightly packed and arranged in rows.

Question 15

what colour does universal indicator turn in strong and weak acid

Answer 15

strong acid-red
weak acid-yellow

Question 16

what colour does universal indicator turn in weak and strong alkali

Answer 16

strong-dark purple
weak-blue

Question 17

different between mendeleev table and modern periodic table

Answer 17

-left gaps within periodic table
-in some places changed the order based on atomic weights

Question 18

what did Niels Bohr discover

Answer 18

-electrons orbit the nucleus

Question 19

what did James chadwick discover

Answer 19

the existence of neutrons

Question 20

problems with ball and stick diagram

Answer 20

-not to scale
-not 3d