C2

Question 0

How do Fertilisers increase crop yield?

Answer 0

• Replacing essential elements in the soil that have been used by old plants
• Providing Nitrogen

Question 1

What is Eutrophication?

Answer 1

• When the overuse of fertilisers changes the ecosystem in lakes, rivers and streams

Question 2

What equipment is needed to make a fertiliser by Neutralisation?

Answer 2

• Burette
• Measuring cylinder
• Filter funnel

Question 3

What are the three main elements found in fertilisers?

Answer 3

• Nitrogen (N)
• Phosphorus (P)
• Potassium (K)

Question 4

What MUST fertilisers be?

Answer 4

• Soluble in water so that they can be taken in by the roots of plants

Question 5

What is the Ionic equation for Neutralisation?

Answer 5

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) = H2O(1)

Question 6

What do acids in solution contain?

Answer 6

Hydrogen ions

H+(aq)

Question 7

What do Alkalis in solution contain?

Answer 7

• Hydroxide ions

OH-(aq)

Question 8

What can carbonates do to acids?

Answer 8

• Neutralise them

Question 9

What happens when an alkali is added to an acid?

Answer 9

• The PH increases to neutral PH7

Question 10

What happens when an acid is added to an Alkali?

Answer 10

• The PH of the solution decreases because the acid neutralises the alkali to PH7

Question 11

What is the equation for Neutralisation?

Answer 11

• Acid + base = salt + water

Question 12

What is Neutralisation?

Answer 12

• When metal oxides and metal hydroxides are added to acids in the correct amounts, they cancel each other out

Question 13

What colour do bases turn litmus paper?

Answer 13

• Blue

Question 14

What colour do Acids turn litmus paper?

Answer 14

Red

Question 15

What are soluble bases called?

Answer 15

• Chemicals with a PH greater that 7 and dissolve in water

- Called Alkalis

Question 16

What PH does a Base have?

Answer 16

• greater than 7

Question 17

What PH so Acids have?

Answer 17

• less than 7

Question 18

What conditions are used for the Harber Process?

Answer 18

• The Nitrogen and Hydrogen mixture is under high pressure of 200 atmospheres
• The gases are passed through/over an ion catalyst at 450 degrees

Question 19

What is the equation for the Harber process?

Answer 19

Nitrogen + hydrogen ⬅️➡️ ammonia

Question 20

What type of reaction is used to create Ammonia?

Answer 20

• Reversible reaction

Question 21

What is ammonia made from?

Answer 21

• Nitrogen

- Hydrogen

Question 22

How much of a car has to be able to be recycled?

Answer 22

• 85%

- from 2015 it will rise to 95%

Question 23

What is the equation for Rusting?

Answer 23

Iron + oxygen + Water ➡️ hydrated Iron (iii) oxide

Question 24

What is made using the Haber process?

Answer 24

Ammonia

Question 25

What does Aluminium do to stop it rusting?

Answer 25

- It forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide

Question 26

What can speed up rusting?

Answer 26

- If the water is salty or is acid rain

Question 27

What is an oxidation reaction?

Answer 27

- A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance

Question 28

What doesn't aluminium do?

Answer 28

- Corrode

Question 29

What are the properties of Iron?

Answer 29

- Dense - Magnetic - Malleable - Conducts electricity

Question 30

What are the properties of aluminium?

Answer 30

- Does not corrode - Malleable - Conducts electricity

Question 31

What can a smart alloy do? Example?

Answer 31

- It can be bent and twisted | - Nitinol, has shape energy

Question 32

Name 3 Alloys?

Answer 32

- Amalgam (mercury) - Solder (lead and tin) - Brass (copper and zinc)

Question 33

What is an Alloy?

Answer 33

- A mixture of metal with another element (usually another metal)

Question 34

What do Alloys do?

Answer 34

- Alloys improve the properties ofa metal and make them more useful - They are often harder and stronger than pure metal

Question 35

What is the cathode in electrolysis made from?

Answer 35

- Pure copper

Question 36

What is the Anode in Electrolysis made from?

Answer 36

- Impure copper

Question 37

What happens during Electrolysis?

Answer 37

- Electricity is passed through a liquid or a solution called an electrolyte, to make simpler substances

Question 38

How is copper extracted?

Answer 38

- Copper is extracted from naturally occurring copper ore by heating it with carbon

Question 39

What is a composite material?

Answer 39

- a combination of the best properties of each material

Question 40

What is thermal Decomposition?

Answer 40

A reaction where one material breaks down into two or more new substances when heated

Question 41

What type of rock is Granite?

Answer 41

Igneous

Question 42

What type of Rock is marble.

Answer 42

- Metamorphic

Question 43

What type of Rock is limestone?

Answer 43

- Sedimentary

Question 44

What is the Earth's Lithosphere?

Answer 44

- The relatively cold, rigid outer part of the Earth, made out of the crust and top part of the Mantle

Question 45

What are Tectonic plates?

Answer 45

- The interlocking pieces of the 'cracked' lithosphere > oceanic plates > continental plates > less dense than Mantle

Question 46

What happens when tectonic plates move?

Answer 46

- They move very slowly, about 2.5 cm per year | - Cause earthquakes and volcanoes at the boundaries

Question 47

What are convection currents?

Answer 47

- formed by heat released from radioactive decay in the core | - causes magma to rise to the surface at the boundaries of plates

Question 48

What causes tectonic plates to move?

Answer 48

- the slow movement of Magma caused be convection currents

Question 49

What is subduction?

Answer 49

- When an Oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, it dips down and slides under it - The oceanic plate is partially re-melted as it goes under the continental plate

Question 50

What are igneous rocks?

Answer 50

- hard, have interlocking crystals of different sizes > large crystals are made when the rock cools slowly > small crystals are made when the rock cools quickly

Question 51

What is Lava which is an Iron rich basalt like?

Answer 51

- runny | - fairly 'safe' eruptions

Question 52

What is lava which is silica rich rhyolite like?

Answer 52

- Thick - causes violent and catastrophic eruptions - pumice, volcanic ash and bombs

Question 53

What construction materials come from rocks found in the Earths crust?

Answer 53

- Iron and aluminium ➡️ ores - Brick ➡️ clay - glass, concrete and cement ➡️ sand - limestone, marble, granite and aggregates