C2

Question 1

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 1

Strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 2

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 2

Substance containing ions formed by the loss and gain of electrons between 2 or more elements.

Question 3

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 3

The bond formed when a pair of electrons is shared between 2 or more atoms, they share the same amount.

Question 4

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 4

The type of bonding in metals. It is positively charged ions in a ‘sea’ of negativity charged electrons.

Question 5

What is a lattice?

And what is a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 5

A regular structure, is a lattice.

So a giant ionic lattice would be lots of ionic bonds in a regular structure.

Question 6

What is the valency?

Answer 6

The number of covalent bonds formed by an atom.

Question 7

What are ionic compound properties?

Answer 7

High melting point
Soluble
Strong/hard
Don’t conduct electricity when solid only in MOLTEN.
Brittle

Question 8

How many electrons does each group need, and so what is their charge after wards?

Answer 8

Group1= *Loose 1 electron     *Charge = +1
Group2= *Loose 2 electron    *Charge = +2
Group3= *Loose 3 electron    *Charge = +3
Group5= *Gain 3 electron       *Charge = -3
Group6= *Gain 2 electron       *Charge = -2
Group7= *Gain 1 electron        *Charge = -1

Question 9

What does group 4 use (bonding)?

Answer 9

Is neutral as it needs or looses 4 electrons so group 4 only uses covalent bonding.

Question 10

What is the term delocalised?

Answer 10

Free moving.

Question 11

What allow ionic structures to conduct electricity when molten?

Answer 11

Free moving ions.

Question 12

Why do scientists use models?

Answer 12

To show bonding and structure.

Question 13

What are the special formulas?
(For hydroxide, sulphate, iron(II), nitrate and carbonate)
(Numbers after symbols eg:+or- are high and small)

Answer 13

Hydroxide = OH-
Sulphate = So4-2
Iron(II) = Fe+2
Nitrate = No3-
Carbonate = CO3-2
[Not accurate with numbers, refer to book]

Question 14

When doing the formulas of compounds you must…

Answer 14

Drop the symbols and swap the signs.
However if the symbols are the same they cancel each other out.
EG:
Lithium (Li+)         Oxide(O-2)
                     =Li2O

Question 15

A difficult equation;

Aluminium (Al+3) Nitrate (No3-)

Answer 15

= Al(No3)3

Question 16

What is an electrostatic attraction?

Answer 16

An attraction between positive atoms and negative atoms.

Question 17

What are the properties of metallic compounds?

Answer 17

High boiling points
High melting points
Can conduct electricity
DUE to delocalised electrons and their strong electrostatic attractions.
And they are malleable
DUE to the layers that can slide over each other.

Question 18

What are the similarities between covalent and ionic?

Answer 18

IONIC
Involves oxidation and reduction, between metals+non-metals.
BOTH
Atoms want full outer shells to become stable.
COVALENT
Between non-metals only which share electrons.

Question 19

What does OILRIG stand for?

Answer 19

O xidation
I s
L oss of e-
R eduction
I s
G ain of e-

Question 20

What is the size of a covalent molecule?

Answer 20

-10-10m

Question 21

What must you do when writing out ionic bonds?

Answer 21

Put square brackets around it

And put charge beside.

Question 22

What is the difference between simple and giant covalent molecules.

Answer 22

One is made up of more covalent bonds.

Question 23

Describe the structure of graphite.

Answer 23

A giant covalent structure held together by layers that have weak bonds.

Question 24

Describe the structure of diamond.

Answer 24

It is made up of 4 strong covalent bonds repeated which make it a giant covalent structure.

Question 25

What are the differences and similarities between diamond and graphite?

Answer 25

SIMILARITIES
Both made up of carbon with high melting points
DIFFERENCES
Graphite has delocalised electrons and can carry an electrical current whereas diamond can’t.

Question 26

What are the uses for diamond and graphite?

Answer 26

DIAMOND
Cutting tools - hardest substance known to man.
GRAPHITE
Lubricants - layers held together by weak bonds so layers easily slide, making it soft and slippery.

Question 27

What are the forces of attraction and which is strong and which is weak?

Answer 27

Intermolecular = Weak
[Between bonds]

Intramolecular = Strong
[Between atoms]

Question 28

What does anion and cation mean?

Answer 28

Anion = Negativity charged ion

Cation = Positively charged ion

Question 29

To draw bonds always use a…

Answer 29

Dot and cross diagram to show which electrons belong to which atom.