C2 - Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter Flashcards
(21 cards)
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What are the three main types of chemical bonding?
Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding.
What type of elements form ionic bonds?
Metals and non-metals.
What happens to electrons in ionic bonding?
Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal.
What type of elements form covalent bonds?
Non-metals with other non-metals.
What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?
Electrons are shared between atoms.
What type of structure do ionic compounds form?
A giant ionic lattice.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions require a lot of energy to break.
Can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Yes, but only when molten or dissolved in water, because ions are free to move.
What type of structure is found in simple molecular substances?
Small molecules with weak intermolecular forces.
Why do simple molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?
Because the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak.
Why don’t simple covalent molecules conduct electricity?
They have no free electrons or ions.
What is a giant covalent structure?
A large lattice of atoms held together by strong covalent bonds.
Give an example of a giant covalent structure.
Diamond or graphite.
Why is diamond hard?
Each carbon atom is bonded to four others, forming a very strong lattice.
Why does graphite conduct electricity?
Each carbon atom has one delocalised electron that can move.
What are fullerenes?
Molecules of carbon shaped like hollow spheres or tubes.
What are nanoparticles?
Very small particles (1–100 nanometres) with a high surface area to volume ratio.
What is metallic bonding?
Positive metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons.
Why do metals conduct electricity?
Because their delocalised electrons can move through the structure.
Why are alloys harder than pure metals?
Different sized atoms distort the layers, making it harder for them to slide.
