C2 Book Work

Question 1

What are the properties of ionic particles?

Answer 1

high melting/boiling point, conduct electricity, dissolve in water, very brittle

Question 2

How do ions form?

Answer 2

When atoms loose/gain electrons it’s so they can have a full outer shell and be stable. When metals form ions, they loose electrons and become positive ions. When non-metals form ions, they gain electrons and become negative ions. The number lost/gained is the number of charge on the ion. E.g. 2 electrons lost = 2+

Question 3

Why is a high temperature needed to melt potassium iodide?

Answer 3

Because they have a high melting point as it’s an ionic particle. There’s a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions.

Question 4

What does LIPGIN mean?

Answer 4

Loss Is Positive, Gain Is Negative

Question 5

Why do simple covalent molecules have low melting points?

Answer 5

Due do weak intermolecular forces between the molecules

Question 6

How many covalent bonds does graphite have?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

How many covalent bonds does diamond have?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

What element makes up both graphite and diamond?

Answer 8

carbon

Question 9

Diamond and graphite are examples of giant covalent ?

Answer 9

lattices

Question 10

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 10

electrons can flow

Question 11

Why can’t diamond conduct electricity?

Answer 11

no free electrons

Question 12

Why does graphite have a high melting point?

Answer 12

strong covalent bonds

Question 13

Why does diamond have a high melting point?

Answer 13

strong covalent bonds

Question 14

Why is graphite soft?

Answer 14

layers slip and slide

Question 15

Why is diamond strong?

Answer 15

strong covalent bonds

Question 16

Describe the structure of diamond.

Answer 16

rigid

Question 17

Describe the structure of graphite.

Answer 17

layers

Question 18

Carbon is in group 4. What can it bond with covalently?

Answer 18

Can bond with other non-metals and if no covalent bond is formed the 4 outer electrons can carry electrical charge/heat

Question 19

What can thermosoftening plastics do?

Answer 19

be remoulded, recycled

Question 20

What do thermosetting plastics have?

Answer 20

stronger intermolecular forces

Question 21

What is the polymer made from butene?

Answer 21

polybutene

Question 22

How do butene molecules make a polymer?

Answer 22

Break the double bond, join with other monomers, it takes many monomers of butene

Question 23

What do polymer chains consist of?

Answer 23

strong covalent bonds, between polymer chains there are weaker intermolecular forces, increased chain length leads to increased density, melting point and hardness

Question 24

What are the properties of metallic bonding?

Answer 24

high melting/boiling point, malleable when heated, sonorous, conducts heat/electricity, shiny, reacts with oxygen, ductile

Question 25

Why can a mixture of metals be harder than pure metal?

Answer 25

pure metal can slip and slide as it is in rows so is softer and can move more

Question 26

Why would it not be suitable to use a pure metal for something like a hip replacement?

Answer 26

would be too soft and not strong enough

Question 27

What are the similarities and differences of alloys and pure metals?

Answer 27

S- metals, high melting/boiling point, sea of delocalised electrons, giant metallic lattice D- Alloys- hard/strong, different sizes, jumbled up Pure- soft/malleable, same sized ions, layered

Question 28

What are alloys?

Answer 28

mixture of two or more elements where one element is a metal.

Question 29

How do you work out the simplified Surface area: Volume ratio?

Answer 29

Divide both by smaller number. You can have a decimal!

Question 30

What are the pros ad cons of nanoparticles in medicine?

Answer 30

P- particles treat disease, treat cancer, HIV, neurological disease C- bioactive coating, impacts on vital organs, forms toxic compounds

Question 31

What are the pros ad cons of nanoparticles in cosmetics?

Answer 31

P- doesn't breakdown in sun, can be used as sun cream C- harms living cells, penetrates skin, dangerous if inhaled, unknown affects, lungs struggle to clear small particles

Question 32

What are the pros ad cons of nanoparticles in electronics?

Answer 32

P- improves screen display, reduced power consumption, smaller and m ore flexible, increased density of memory chip C- environmental impacts, unsafe disposal, little research on impacts

Question 33

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 33

0.1nm or 0.0000000001m

Question 34

In simple terms what happens in an ionic bond, covalent bond, simple covalent, and giant covalent?

Answer 34

Ionic- transfer electrons Covalent- share electrons non-metals only Simple covalent- small gas or liquid Giant covalent- large solid

Question 35

In simple terms what happens in an metallic bond, polymer and nanoparticles?

Answer 35

Metallic- delocalised electrons Polymer- monomers join in a chain Nano- smallest measurement

Question 36

Which elements form ionic bonds?

Answer 36

metal and non-metal

Question 37

State two ways fullerenes are useful.

Answer 37

1) hollow to carry things 2) cylindrical to roll

Question 38

What is an ionic lattice?

Answer 38

giant structure of ions in a regular arrangement. A positive ion then negative ion. The forces act in all directions in the lattice

Question 39

What is intermolecular force?

Answer 39

forces that occur between molecules

Question 40

What is electrostatic attraction?

Answer 40

attraction between positive and negative charges