C2: Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

Question: What is the composition of the cell membrane?

Answer 1

Answer: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Question 2

Question: Where is DNA found in the cell?

Answer 2

Answer: DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell.

Question 3

Question: What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 3

Answer: The endoplasmic reticulum is the highway of the cell.

Question 4

Question: Where are proteins produced, modified, and packaged?

Answer 4

Answer: Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

Question: Where are ribosomes produced, and what is their function?

Answer 5

Answer: Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus and are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 6

Question: What is the Golgi apparatus, and what can it do?

Answer 6

Answer: The Golgi apparatus is a series of membranes that can break off and form vesicles.

Question 7

Question: What is the function of the lysosome?

Answer 7

Answer: The lysosome contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste.

Question 8

Question: What is the organelle responsible for producing energy?

Answer 8

Answer: The mitochondria is the organelle responsible for producing energy.

Question 9

Question: What is the organelle responsible for carbohydrate production in plants?

Answer 9

Answer: The chloroplast is the organelle responsible for the production of carbohydrates through photosynthesis.

Question 10

Question: What is the rigid structure found outside the cell membrane in plants?

Answer 10

Answer: The cell wall is the rigid structure composed of cellulose.

Question 11

Question: What is the organelle in plant cells that stores water, sugars, and salt?

Answer 11

Answer: The vacuole is the organelle in plant cells that stores water, sugars, and salt.

Question 12

Question: What is passive transport and what does it involve?

Answer 12

Answer: Passive transport, aka diffusion, is the process of materials moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Question 13

Question: What is osmosis, and how does it occur?

Answer 13

Answer: Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 14

Question: What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 14

Answer: An isotonic solution is when the concentration outside the cell is equal to the concentration inside the cell.

Question 15

Question: What is a hypertonic solution, and what might happen to the cell?

Answer 15

Answer: A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, which may result in the cell shrinking, known as crenation.

Question 16

Question: What is a hypotonic solution, and what might happen to the cell?

Answer 16

Answer: A hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell, which may result in the cell bursting, known as lysis.

Question 17

Question: What are proteins that transport substances across a membrane called?

Answer 17

Answer: Protein carrier channels.

Question 18

Question: What is the process that removes substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using energy?

Answer 18

Answer: Passive transport.

Question 19

Question: How does active transport differ passive transport?

Answer 19

Answer: Active transport uses energy to transport substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration across a membrane using transport carriers.

Question 20

What is the process used by a cell when taking a substance into a cell by forming a vesicle around it?

Answer 20

Answer: Endocytosis.

Question 21

Question: What are the two examples of endocytosis?

Answer 21

Answer: Phagocytosis (taking in a large substance) and pinocytosis (taking in small molecules of liquid).

Question 22

Question: What is the process in which a cell allows a substance to exit by a vesicle fusing with a cell membrane before the substance is secreted?

Answer 22

Answer: Exocytosis.