Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry > C2 - Material Choices > Flashcards

C2 - Material Choices Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Tensile strength

A

The force needed to break a material which stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compressive strength

A

The force needed to crush a material which it is being squeezed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stiffness

A

The force needed to bend a material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hardness

A

How well a material stands to wear, it can be compared by scratching two materials together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Density

A

The mass of a given volume of the material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What unit is density measured in?

A

Mass per volume: g/cm3 or kg/m3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the word equation for calculating density?

A

Mass
——— = Density
Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is rubber used for and why?

A

Rubber is used for car tyres because it is hard and elastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are fibres used for

A

To weave cloth into clothes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main property of plastics?

A

They keep their shape when moulded: not malleable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name three plastics which float in water

A

HDPE (High Density polythene), LDPE (Low Density polythene) and PP (Poly propene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name three plastics which soften in boiling water

A

LDPE, Polystyrene and PMMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the density of HDPE?

A

0.97g/ cm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the density of LDPE?

A

0.94g/ cm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the density of PP?

A

0.91g/ cm3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Outlier

A

A result which is different or incorrect in comparison to the overall pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mean

A

Average

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Range

A

The smallest to largest result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give 3 Properties of metals

A
  • Shiny
  • Malleable
  • Electrical conductors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give 3 examples of ceramics

A

Clay, glass and cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the main two properties of ceramics?

A

They are hard and strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is concrete a mixture of?

A

Sand and cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is bronze a mixture of?

A

Copper and tin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name 3 natural materials:

A

Wool, cotton and silk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name 3 synthetic materials:
Polyester, nylon and polystyrene
26
Name 3 natural materials which are extracted from the earth's crust:
Limestone, iron ore and crude oil
27
Why have synthetic materials replaced some natural ones? 3 reasons
* Some natural materials are in short supply * They can be designed to give particular properties * They are often cheaper and can be made in the quantity needed
28
Crude oil
A mixture of thousands of hydrocarbons.
29
Hydrocarbons
Compounds made up of just hydrogen and carbon atoms
30
What is made when fuels burn in oxygen?
Carbon dioxide and water
31
How much of crude oil is used as fuel?
Nearly 90%
32
How much of crude oil is used to synthesise other chemicals?
Around 3%
33
Name two chemicals which are synthesised from crude oil?
Ethanol and plastics
34
Fractional distillation
The process which is carried out to separate crude oil
35
What happens during fractional distillation?
* The oil is heated up which turns it into gases * The distillation tower gets cooler as it gets higher * Gas molecules condense into liquids when they cool * Liquids with similar boiling points collect together
36
Fractions
The areas in a fractional distillation tower where liquids with similar boiling points collect together
37
The smaller the molecule chain length, the _____ the boiling point and the _______ the intermolecular forces:
The lower the boiling point and the weaker/ smaller the intermolecular forces
38
Polymer
A large molecule made by joining many smaller molecules called monomers
39
Polymerisation
The process by which polymers are made
40
Alkenes
Hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
41
What happens during polymerisation
One part of the alkene double bond breaks in each molecule and they both join to make a polymer
42
Give 3 advantages of synthetic materials
Cheaper, you can change their properties, easy to clean, lighter and stronger
43
What is the structure of LDPE
* It has long molecules with branches | * Weak intermolecular forces
44
What is the structure of HDPE
* It has long chains but no branches * More Crystalline than LDPE * Strong intermolecular forces * High melting point
45
Plasticisers
Small molecules which are inserted into polymer chains to keep them apart
46
Thermoplastics
Plastics which soften when heated and can be moulded into shape
47
Thermosetting plastics
Plastics which do not soften when heated and contain cross-links which lock the molecules together so they cannot melt
48
Give two methods someone can use to increase the crystallinity of a chemical
* By drawing the polymer through a tiny hole when it is heated * By removing branches of the main polymer chain
49
What is the width of a human hair?
0.1mm
50
Nano particles
Materials which contain up to a thousand atoms
51
Nanotechnology
The use and control of tiny matter
52
What units are nano particles measured in?
Nanometres nm
53
A nanometer is one _______ of a metre
Billionth
54
Buckyballs
Very strong carbon spheres made of 60 Carbon atoms
55
Why are nano particles excellent catalysts
They have large surface areas so they have more reaction areas
56
Uses of silver nano particles and what they do:
* They kill bacteria * They can be added to fibres and woven into socks, put into wound dressings, put into plastic and made into food containers
57
Uses of titanium oxide particles and what they do:
•They are used in sunscreen and make it transparent and absorb uv light
58
Composites
Materials where nano particles have been combined with materials like metals, ceramics and plastics
59
What are graphene sheets and what are they used for?
One atom thick sheets of graphite which can be rolled into Carbon nanotubes
60
What are the problems with the use of silver nano particles?
* They can be washed into the sewers and kill the useful bacteria * They could then get out into the environment and kill all useful microorganisms
61
Why are nano particles added to plastic sports equipment?
They make it stronger
62
Why are nano particles added to tennis balls?
To make them stay bouncy for longer
63
Why are nano particles added to rubber used in tyres?
To make it more hard wearing
64
Arguments for and against the use of nanoparticles, give an example from each side
FOR: They occur naturally so must be safe AGAINST: They might be breathed in from the air and cause lung damage, they can be passed through the skin and into the blood and organs, no one knows if nanoparticles used in solids can escape into the air, some want proof that new nanotechnologies won't create health and environment risks
65
Risk
The chance of an event occurring and the consequences if it did
66
Melting point
The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid
67
What is the order of gases in the fractional distillation column from top to bottom? (7)
Bottled gas, Petrol, Parrafin/ Aircraft fuel, Diesel, Central heating oil, Ship & power station oil, Bitumen for roads & roofing TO REMEMBER BOTTLE; PETROL; AIRCRAFT; DIESEL; HEATING; SHIPS; ROADS

Chemistry (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions