C2 - Structure, Bonding, and the Properties of Matter

Question 1

Name the three states of matter

Answer 1

Solid, liquid and gas

Question 2

Describe a solid

Answer 2

Solids have a fixed shape and are unable to flow like
liquids. The particles cannot be compressed because
they are very close together.

Question 3

Describe a liquid

Answer 3

Liquids can flow and take the shape of
the container they are placed in. As with a solid,
liquids cannot be compressed because the particles
are close together.

Question 4

Describe a gas

Answer 4

Gases, like liquids, can flow and fill the
container they are placed in. The particles in a gas are far apart, allowing them to move in any direction.
Gases can be compressed; when squashed, the particles have empty space to move into.

Question 5

State the state symbols for solids, liquids, gases and aqueous solutions

Answer 5

solid (s)
liquid (l)
gas (g)
aqueous (aq)

Question 6

What are ions?

Answer 6

Ions are charged particles. They can be either
positively or negatively charged,

Question 7

What happens when metals lose an electron?

Answer 7

Metals lose electrons to become positively charged.

Question 8

What happens when non-metals gain an electron?

Answer 8

Non-metals gain electrons to become negatively charged.

Question 9

What side of the periodic table are metals found on?

Answer 9

Metals are found on the left-hand side of the
periodic table.

Question 10

What are the three types of bonding?

Answer 10

Ionic, covalent and metallic

Question 11

How do covalent bonds form?

Answer 11

Shared pair of electrons

Question 12

What type of elements form
covalent bonds?

Answer 12

Two or more non-metals

Question 13

What structure is made up of
billions of atoms joined together by
covalent bonds?

Answer 13

Giant covalent structure

Question 14

Why do giant covalent substances
have high melting points?

Answer 14

Lots of energy required to break
strong covalent bonds between
atoms

Question 15

Why do most covalent structures not
conduct electricity?

Answer 15

No free electrons to carry charge

Question 16

Which covalent structure is arranged
in layers and has free electrons?

Answer 16

Graphite

Question 17

Give two properties of graphene

Answer 17

Strong and conducts electricity

Question 18

Give one use of fullerenes

Answer 18

Lubricants, drug delivery and high tech
electronics

Question 19

What type of elements form ionic

bonds?

Answer 19

Metals and non-metals

Question 20

What is an atom that has lost or
gained an electron to become a
charged particle?

Answer 20

Ion

Question 21

What charge do ions from group 2
elements form?

Answer 21

2+

Question 22

What charge do ions from group 7
elements form?

Answer 22

1-

Question 23

What forces hold ions together in an
ionic bond?

Answer 23

Electrostatic

Question 24

What type of structure do giant ionic
structures form?

Answer 24

Giant lattices

Question 25

Why do ionic structures have high melting points?

Answer 25

Strong electrostatic forces need lots of energy to overcome

Question 26

Why do ionic structures only conduct electricity when molten or dissolved?

Answer 26

Ions are free to move and carry charge when molten or dissolved, ions are fixed in a solid

Question 27

Describe the structure of a pure metal

Answer 27

Describe the structure of a pure metal

Question 28

What is an alloy?

Answer 28

Mixture of metal atoms with atoms of another element

Question 29

Describe the bonding in pure metals

Answer 29

Strong electrostatic forces between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 30

Why are pure metals malleable?

Answer 30

Layers easily slide over each other when force is applied

Question 31

Give two properties of metals

Answer 31

Hard, shiny, malleable, ductile, sonorous and good conductors of thermal energy and electricity.

Question 32

Why can metals conduct electricity?

Answer 32

Delocalised electrons free to move through whole structure and charry a charge

Question 33

What is a polymer?

Answer 33

Very large molecules made up of repeating monomer units

Question 34

Give one property of a simple covalent molecule

Answer 34

Low melting and boiling point, gas at room temperature and don’t conduct electricity