C2.1.1 structure and bonding Flashcards
(23 cards)
What does chemical bonding involve?
Transferring
Or
Sharing
Electrons I the outer shell to achieve a full outer shell
When atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons what do they form?
Ions
What charge do atoms that lose electrons have?
Atoms that lose electrons become positively charged ions
What charge do atoms that gain electrons have?
Atoms that gain electrons become negatively charged ions
What structure do ions have?
The structure of a group 0 noble gas
A full outer shell
What are the elements in group one also known as ?
Alkalai metals
What is the main chemical property of an alkali metal?
They all react with non-metals to form ionic compounds
In which the metal ion has a single positive charge
What are the elements in group 7 also known as ?
The halogens
What is the main chemical property of a group 7 metal?
A halogen will react with alkali metals to form ions compounds
(In which the halide ions have a single negative charge)
What is an ionic compound?
A giant structure of ions
How are ionic compounds held together?
By strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
In what direction do the forces in a giant ionic structure act?
The forces act in all directions
What is a giant structure of ions also known as?
A lattice
When forces act in all directions in a lattice what is this called?
Ionic bonding
When atoms SHARE pairs of electrons what do they form?
Covalent bonds
Of what strength are the bonds between atoms in covalent bonds?
They are strong
What are some examples of covalently bonded substances that consist of simple molecules?
H2 Cl2 O2 HCl H2O NH3 CH4
What are giant covalent structures also known as?
Macromolecules
What are some examples of giant covalent structures?
Diamond
Silicon dioxide
What do structure do metals consist of?
Giant structures of atoms arranged in a REGULAR pattern
The electrons on the outer shell of an atom are delocalised. What does this mean?
They are free to move through the whole structure of the atom
What do delocalised electrons correspond to ?
A structure of positive ions with electrons between the ions holding them together with strong electrostatic attractions
What is a compound ?
A substance in which the atoms of two or more atoms are chemically combined
