C2.6

Question 1

What is the pH of an acid?

Answer 1

Lower than 7

Question 2

What are ammonium salts used for?

Answer 2

~ Artificial fertilisers
~ They’re used for this because ammonium contains nitrogen which is important to make amino acids which make proteins for growth

Question 3

What does the symbol (aq) stand for?

Answer 3

Aqueous

Question 4

What salt is made when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid?

Answer 4

Magnesium chloride (+hydrogen)

Question 5

What are the products of the reaction between an acid and a metal?

Answer 5

Salt + hydrogen

Question 6

What are the products of the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

Answer 6

Salt + water

Question 7

What is the symbol equation for a neutralisation reaction?

Answer 7

H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l)

Question 8

What are soluble bases?

Answer 8

Alkalis

Question 9

What happens when acids and alkalis dissolve in water?

Answer 9

They dissociate into their individual ions

Question 10

What do acids dissociate to produce?

Answer 10

H+ ions in solution

Question 11

What do alkalis dissociate to produce?

Answer 11

OH- ions in solution

Question 12

What do hydrogen ions (H+) do to solutions?

Answer 12

Makes them acidic

Question 13

What do hydroxide ions (OH-) do to solutions?

Answer 13

Makes them alkaline

Question 14

How can soluble salts be made?

Answer 14

By acids reacting with metals, insoluble bases and alkalis

Question 15

What is formed when some metals react with dilute acid?

Answer 15

A metal + salt + hydrogen

Question 16

How can insoluble salts be made?

Answer 16

~ By mixing appropriate solutions of ions together

~ Or by reacting two soluble salts in a precipitation reaction

Question 17

What can precipitation be used for?

Answer 17

Removing unwanted ions from solution (e.g. Softening hard water)

Question 18

What are calcium ions precipitated out as?

Answer 18

Insoluble calcium

Question 19

What happens in a precipitation reaction?

Answer 19

A solid substance is formed as a result of two solutions reacting together

Question 20

How do you remove the solid precipitate? (After reacting it with the 2 solutions)

Answer 20

~ Filter it
~ Wash with distilled water
~ Dry out the solid

Question 21

What are the uses of precipitation reactions?

Answer 21

Treating effluent from factories (removing toxic ions before the effluent is released into the environment)

Question 22

What does aqueous mean?

Answer 22

Dissolved in water (in solution)

Question 23

Acid + insoluble base ->

Answer 23

Salt + water

Question 24

What is the process of making salt and water by reacting an acid with an insoluble base?

Answer 24

~ React them until the reaction stops
~ Filter it
~ Evaporate it down and leave it for a few days to form the crystals

Question 25

What is the process of making salt and water by reacting an acid with an alkali?

Answer 25

~ Add acid into alkali with indicator until inductor turns green ~ Repeat experiment without indicator by adding the same amount of acid ~ Evaporate it down and leave it for a few days to form to crystals

Question 26

What salt does hydrochloric acid make?

Answer 26

A chloride

Question 27

What salt does sulphuric acid make?

Answer 27

A sulphate

Question 28

What salt does nitric acid make?

Answer 28

A nitrate

Question 29

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 29

~ Metal oxides | ~ Metal hydroxides

Question 30

What do you use to measure the pH scale?

Answer 30

Universal indicator

Question 31

What is the name of the reaction when an acid reacts with an alkali?

Answer 31

Neutralisation reaction

Question 32

What type of reaction is making ammonium salts?

Answer 32

Neutralisation reaction

Question 33

Why may not all metals be suitable to react with acids?

Answer 33

If they're too reactive or not reactive enough

Question 34

Salt solutions can be crystallised to produce what?

Answer 34

Solid salts

Question 35

What are metal oxides and hydroxides?

Answer 35

Bases

Question 36

The salt produced in any reaction between an acid and a base or alkali depends on what?

Answer 36

~ The acid used | ~ The metal in the base or alkali

Question 37

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

Answer 37

All alkalis are bases, but only soluble bases are alkalis