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Chemistry: C2 > C2.6 Acids, bases and salts > Flashcards

C2.6 Acids, bases and salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the state symbol (s) mean?

A

Solid

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2
Q

What does the state symbol (l) mean?

A

Liquid

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3
Q

What does the state symbol (g) mean?

A

Gas

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4
Q

What does the state symbol (aq) mean?

A

Aqueous- dissolved in water

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5
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance with a pH less than 7

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6
Q

What do acids form in water?

A

H+ ions

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7
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance with a pH greater than 7

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8
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water

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9
Q

What do alkalis form in water?

A

OH- ions

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10
Q

H+ ions make a solution…

A

Acidic

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11
Q

OH- ions make a solution…

A

Alkaline

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12
Q

Acid + Base =

A

Salt + Water

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13
Q

What is the reaction between acids and bases called?

A

Neutralisation

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14
Q

Metals react with acids to give…

A

Salts

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15
Q

Acid + Metal =

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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16
Q

What will hydrochloric acids always form?

A

Chloride salts

17
Q

What will sulfuric acid always form?

A

Sulfate salts

18
Q

The more reactive the metal reacted with the acid…

A

The faster it will go

19
Q

Which metal doesn’t react with acids to form salts?

A

Ones less reactive than hydrogen e.g. copper

20
Q

What are metal oxides metal hydroxides?

A

Bases

21
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide =

A

Salt + Water

22
Q

Acid + Metal Hydroxide =

A

Salt + Water

23
Q

What decides the salt?

A

The combination of the metal and acid
e.g. Hydrochloric acid + copper oxide ==> copper chloride + water
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ==> sodium chloride + water

24
Q

Nitric acid produces…

A

Nitrate salts when neutralised with alkalis (but with metals it forms oxides)

25
Q

What does ammonia and nitric acid make?

A

Ammonium nitrate

26
Q

What can ammonium nitrate be used for?

A

Making fertiliser, it can neutralise soil and contains nitrogen which plants need to make proteins

27
Q

How do you make a salt using a metal or insoluble base?

A

Crystalisation

28
Q

How do you make a salt using an alkali?

A

Add the right amount of alkali to neutralise the acid then when it is finished use crystalisation

29
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A

Precipitation reaction

30
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

You mix the two reactants and wait till they have reacted. Once they have reacted you filter out the excess solids leaving just the desired solution. You then heat the solution partly to evaporate the water, then you leave the water to evaporate naturally and slowly. You will be left with crystals

31
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

Mix the two solutions. Once the salt has precipitated out an dis lying at the bottom of the flask you filter it out from the solution, wash it and dry it

32
Q

Soluble hydroxides are…

A

Alkalis

33
Q

What can precipitation be used for?

A

Removing unwanted ions from solutions e.g. treating dri

34
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

35
Q

H2+ (aq) + OH- (aq) =====>

A

H2O (l)

Chemistry: C2 (7 decks)

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