C2.6 In Your Element

Question 1

chemical symbol

Answer 1

An abbreviation for an element which onsists of one, two or sometimes three letters.

Question 2

electron

Answer 2

A negatively charged particle that surrounds the nucleus in an atom.

Question 3

ductile

Answer 3

Can be stretched into wires.

Question 4

giant ionic structure

Answer 4

A repeated regular arrangement of oppositely charged ions.

Question 5

properties

Answer 5

The characteristics of a substance. Chemical properties describe how the substance reacts with other substances. Physical properties include information such as colour, melting point and state.

Question 6

state symbols

Answer 6

Symbols used in chemical equations to show whether a substance is solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g) or dissolved in water, aqueous (aq).

Question 7

proton

Answer 7

A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of all atoms.

Question 8

halogen

Answer 8

A family of reactive non-metals found in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

Question 9

cathode

Answer 9

A negative electrode.

Question 10

bond

Answer 10

An attractive force that holds atoms together in molecules and ions together in crystals.

Question 11

neutron

Answer 11

Electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of most atoms.

Question 12

group

Answer 12

A column of the Periodic Table.

Question 13

half equation

Answer 13

Equation to show the reaction at an electrode.

Question 14

isotopes

Answer 14

Atoms of an element with the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 15

ionic compound

Answer 15

A substance made of oppositely charged ions.

Question 16

electrode

Answer 16

A rod of conductive material used in electrolysis, for example, graphite or platinum.

Question 17

particle

Answer 17

A tiny piece of matter, such as an atom or molecule.

Question 18

atom

Answer 18

A particle that is the smallest part of an element that can exist. An atom consists of protons and neutrons in a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Question 19

ion

Answer 19

An atom or group of atoms with an electrical charge. Ions can either be positively or negatively charged due to losing or gaining electrons.

Question 20

alkali metal

Answer 20

An element found in Group 1.

Question 21

chemical reaction

Answer 21

A chemical change in which new substances are formed but there is no change in the number of atoms of each element.

Question 22

electron configuration

Answer 22

The arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus.

Question 23

raw material

Answer 23

A starting substance for the manufacture of a particular chemical.

Question 24

binary salt

Answer 24

A compound of a metal and a non-metal.

Question 25

period

Answer 25

A row of the Periodic Table.

Question 26

relative atomic mass

Answer 26

The mass of an atom compared to the mass of a carbon atom, which has a relative atomic mass of 12.

Question 27

element

Answer 27

A substance made of only one type of atom. An element cannot be turned into another element or anything simpler using a chemical reaction.

Question 28

conductivity

Answer 28

A property of a substance that describes its ability to allow energy (electricity or heat) to pass through it.

Question 29

alkaline

Answer 29

A substance that turns universal indicator paper blue and has a pH greater than 7.

Question 30

malleable

Answer 30

Can be bent or hammered into shape without breaking.

Question 31

mass number

Answer 31

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Also called nucleon number.

Question 32

reactive

Answer 32

Likely to react with other substances.

Question 33

shell

Answer 33

Space around a nucleus that can be occupied by electrons, usually drawn as a circle.

Question 34

electron shell diagram

Answer 34

A picture that shows the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus.

Question 35

atomic number

Answer 35

The number of protons (positively charged particles) in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 36

decompose

Answer 36

To break down a compound into simpler substances.

Question 37

lattice

Answer 37

The arrangement of ions in a regular pattern giving crystals their regular shape.

Question 38

nucleus

Answer 38

The positively charged centre of an atom.

Question 39

ionic bond

Answer 39

Force between oppositely charged ions.

Question 40

alloy

Answer 40

A mixture of metals or metals and non-metals.

Question 41

anode

Answer 41

A positive electrode.

Question 42

electrolysis

Answer 42

The breakdown of an ionic compound into simpler substances using electricity.

Question 43

compound ion

Answer 43

An electrically charged group of two or more different atoms. For example, the sulphate ion SO consists of one sulphur atom and four oxygen atoms, with two negative charges overall.

Question 44

solution

Answer 44

The mixture formed when a substance dissolves in water.

Question 45

Periodic Table

Answer 45

A chart in which all the elements are put in order of increasing atomic number, with elements that have similar chemical properties arranged in groups.

Question 46

noble gas

Answer 46

An element found in Group 0.