C3

Question 1

two systems of a plant

Answer 1

• root system (everything underground + ariel roots)
• Shoot system (everything aboveground + tubers)

Question 2

mitosis

Answer 2

one cell dividing into two identical cells

Question 3

Meristems

Answer 3

• special areas of plants where growth occurs

Question 4

three types of plant tissue

Answer 4

dermal/epidermis tissue, ground tissue, vascular tissue

Question 5

dermal/epidermis tissue

Answer 5

• outer layer of cells that covers all herbaceous plants
• secrets a waxy substance called the cuticle (which protects from microorganisms and water loss)

Question 6

ground tissue

Answer 6

• majority of the plant
• supports the plant
• cells are very close together, so gases diffuse rapidly

Question 7

vascular tissue

Answer 7

• xylem and phloem
• transports materials

Question 8

xylem

Answer 8

• moves water from roots to leaves
• thick walled tubes of cellulose and lignin
• non-living tubes

Question 9

phloem

Answer 9

• transports sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant
• formed from individual sieve cells, which have porous walls where the cytoplasm extends
• sieve cells are alive, but have no nuclei

Question 10

cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 10

movement of organelles inside the cell to circulate materials

Question 11

cellular respiration

Answer 11

• how plants get energy from food
• food + oxygen = energy + water + carbon dioxide

Question 12

mesophyll

Answer 12

• middle layer of the leaf
• palisade mesophyll is a layer of tightly packed cells near the top of the leaf and contain chlorophyll to capture sunlight
• spongy layer mesophyll is a layer of loosely packed cells to allow air to move easily

Question 13

vascular bundle

Answer 13

xylem and phloem bundled together

Question 14

lenticels

Answer 14

pores in a tree’s stem to allow gas exchange

Question 15

cohesion vs adhesion

Answer 15

cohesion = water molecules attracted to other water molecules
adhesion = water molecules attracted to other molecules

Question 16

root pressure

Answer 16

• pressure in the roots by water entering through osmosis
• forces water through cells into the xylem

Question 17

transpiration pull

Answer 17

when water evaporates through the stomata or lenticels, it pulls other molecules through the xylem of the leaf

Question 18

capillary action

Answer 18

water climbing the xylem though cohesion and adhesion, molecules sticking to the walls and each other