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chemistry > c3 > Flashcards

c3 Flashcards

1
Q

how did newland organise the periodic table

A

arranged the elements in terms of atomic weight

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2
Q

how did mendeleev organise the periodic table

A

he arranged elements in terms or atomic mass he left gaps for elements that hadnt been discovered yet

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3
Q

why did mendeleev leave gaps in the periodic table

A

so elements with similar properties can be in the same vertical comumns

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4
Q

how is the mordern periodic table organised

A

in terms of atomic number

elements in the same group have the same amount electrons on the outer shell

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5
Q

what are the properties of the elements in group 1 (alkali metal)

A

low density metals
react with non metals to form ionic compounds
react with water releasing hydrogen
forms hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions

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6
Q

what are the properties of the elements in group 7 (halogens)

A

react with metals to form ionic compounds
further down the group the less reactive the element
high melting and boiling points

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7
Q

how is water made hard

A

rain water dissolves compounds like magnesium sulphate and calcium sulphate as the water runs over rocks

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8
Q

how can hard water be made soft

A

adding sodium carbonate - reacts with calcium and magnesium

ion exchange columns - contains hydrogen or sodium ions which replace calcium and magnesium

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9
Q

what colour flame does lithium compounds make

A

crimson flame

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10
Q

what colour flame does sodium compounds make

A

yellow

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11
Q

what colour flame does poassuim compounds make

A

lilac

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12
Q

what colour flame does calcium compounds make

A

red

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13
Q

what colour flame does barium compounds make

A

green

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14
Q

what colour precipitate does copper form with sodium hydroxide

A

blue

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15
Q

what colour precipitate does iron 2 form with sodium hydroxide

A

green

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16
Q

what colour precipitate does iron 3 form with sodium hydroxide

A

brown

17
Q

how is ammonia made

A

hydrogen and nitrogen are passed over an iron cataylst at high temperatures and at high pressures
nitrogen + hydrogen = ammonia

18
Q

when is equilibrium reached in a closed system

A

when the reactions occur at the same rate in each direction

19
Q

what happens to the position of equilibrium if temperature is raised

A

equilibrium will shift to the endothermic side and the yield of the exothermic reaction decreases

20
Q

what happens to the position of equilibrium if pressure is increased

A

an increase in pressure equilibrium will favour the side with the fewer molecules

21
Q

what is the functional group of alcohols

A

OH

22
Q

What are the properties of alcohols

A

they dissolve in water to from a neutral solution
react with sodium to produce hydrogen
burns in air
are used as fuels and solvents

23
Q

what is the functional group of carboxylic acid

A

COOH

24
Q

what are the properties of carboxylic acid

A

dissolve in water to produce acidic solutions
react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide
reacts with alcohol in presence of acid catalyst to form esters
do not ionise completely when dissolved in water - weak acids

25
Q

what are esters

A

esters are formed from alcohol and carboxylic acid

26
Q

What is titration used for

A

To find out concentrations

Exactly how much acid is needed to neutralise an alkali

27
Q

How do you work out number of moles

A

Concentration X volume

28
Q

How can hydrogen fuel cars

A

Hydrogen gas can be burnt in oxygen as fuel in combustion engines on cars

29
Q

What is a fuel cell

A

An electrical sell supplied with fuel and oxygen and uses energy from reaction to generate electricity

30
Q

What is the colour flame for lithium

A

Crimson

31
Q

What is the colour flame for sodium

A

Yellow

32
Q

What is the colour flame for potassium

A

Lilac

33
Q

What is the colour flame for calcium

A

Red

34
Q

What is the colour flame for barium

A

Green

35
Q

Tests for precipitate with NaOH

A 
calcium -white 
Copper - blue 
Iron 2 - green 
Iron 3 -brown 
Aluminium -white 
Magnesium -white
36
Q

What is the test for chloride bromide and iodide

A

Add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution

Chloride - white precipitate
Bromide - cream precipitate
Iodide - yellow precipitate

chemistry (3 decks)

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