C3 Structure And Bonding

Question 1

Do opposite charges attract or repel

Answer 1

Attract

Question 2

Why are metals alloyed

Answer 2

To increase strentgh

Question 3

Intermolecular force

Answer 3

The force that arise between the molecules of a substance

Question 4

What boiling, melting point do molecules have

Answer 4

Low

Question 5

Ionic lattice

Answer 5

lattice is formed as ions attract each other and form a pattern

Question 6

Why ionic compounds have a high melting point

Answer 6

Large amounts of energy needed to break the many strong bonds

Question 7

Double bond in diatomic molecule

Answer 7

Forms between a carbon atom and an oxygen atom

Question 8

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 8

When molten or dissolved in water

Question 9

Examples of small molecules which contain covalent bonds

Answer 9

Nitogen

Water

Ammonia

Question 10

How covalent bond forms

Answer 10

When pairs of electrons are shared by atoms

Question 11

How size of molecule affect boiling melting points

Answer 11

Larger molecules have higher boiling and melting points

Question 12

Substances that would have weak intermolecular forces

Answer 12

Gases, liquids or low melting point solids

Question 13

How double and triple covalent bonds formed

Answer 13

When more than one pair of electrons are shared between the atoms for a full outer shell

Question 14

How surface area to volume increases as particle size reduces

Answer 14

Decreasing the length of a cube by 100 increases its surface area by 100

Question 15

Can nanoparticles be used in sun cream

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Uses of nanoparticles

Answer 16

Drug delivery

Diagnostic

Tissue engineering

Question 17

Advantages of using nanoparticles

Answer 17

Lower costs

Produce stronger and lighter wind turbines

Can save energy

Question 18

Disadvantages of using nanoparticles

Answer 18

Lung inflammation

Heart problems

Question 19

Why nanotechnology research should continue

Answer 19

Can change dental medicine, healthcare and human life

Question 20

How to classify a particle as a coarse, fine or nanoparticles

1 x 10 and 2.5 x 10

Answer 20

-5 -6
Coarse - 10 10
-7 -6
Fine - 10 10

Question 21

Describe, with an example, how a Group 1 metal atom becomes a positive ion

Answer 21

+
Lithium loses 1 electron to become Li

Question 22

Factors that affect rate of evaporation

Answer 22

Temperature

Surface area

Wind speed

Question 23

Charges of ion group 1,2,6,7

Answer 23

Group 1 = +1

Group 2 - +2

Group 6 = -2

Group 7 = -1

Question 24

How unfamiliar elements become ions

Answer 24

Metal atoms lose electrons to form cations

Non-metal atoms tend to gain electrons and form anions

Question 25

How the position of an element on the periodic table relates to the charge on its most stable monatomic ion

Answer 25

Elements often form anions with negative charge

Question 26

Ratio of metal and non-metal ions in compounds

Answer 26

2:1

Question 27

Why substances have different melting and boiling points from each other

Answer 27

The stronger the forces between particles, the higher its melting and boiling points

Question 28

Properties of diamond

Answer 28

Hard in nature Molecules closely packed No prescence of free carbon atoms

Question 29

Properties of graphite

Answer 29

High melting and boiling points Good electrical conductivity Softness

Question 30

Physical properties of fullerenes

Answer 30

Behaviour depends on temperature

Question 31

Physical properties of metals

Answer 31

Malleable Ductile Good conductors of heat and electricity

Question 32

Structure of pure metal

Answer 32

Giant metallic structure

Question 33

Do giant covalent structure have high or low melting point

Answer 33

High

Question 34

Describe relationship between graphite and graphene

Answer 34

Graphene is one single layer of graphite

Question 35

Explain the structure of fullerenes

Answer 35

Hexagonal rings of carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 36

Use for graphite

Answer 36

Used in pencils, lamps, batteries

Question 37

Use for diamonds

Answer 37

Embedded into saw blades Drill bits Grinding wheels

Question 38

How metals form giant structures

Answer 38

The outer shell electrons become delocalised and surround the positive metal ions

Question 39

Why small molecules don't conduct electricity

Answer 39

Small molecules have no overall electric charge

Question 40

Why ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state

Answer 40

Ions break free to move and can conduct electricity

Question 41

Process of melting

Answer 41

Molecules of a solid speed up enough that the motion overcomes the attraction so molecules can move past each other as a liquid

Question 42

Process of boiling

Answer 42

A liquid turns into vapour when heated to its boiling point

Question 43

Process of condensing

Answer 43

Water vapour in the air is changed into liquid water