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chemistry > C4 > Flashcards

C4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are group 1 elements known as?

A

Alkali metals

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2
Q

what 4 properties do group 1 elements have?

A

-low densities
-soft
-low melting and boiling points
-very reactive

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3
Q

why are alkali metals very reactive?

A

they have 1 electron in their outer shell, they easily from a full outer shell by losing it

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4
Q

does reactivity increase or decrease going down the group for alkali metals and why?

A

increases, the number of electron shells increases which means the attraction to the nucleus decreases

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5
Q

what is produced when an alkali metal reacts with water?

A

hydrogen gas + metal oxide

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6
Q

what do alkali metals form with non metals?

A

an ionic compound

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7
Q

what is produced when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen?

A

metal oxide

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8
Q

what are group 7 elements known as?

A

halogens

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9
Q

how many electrons do group 7 elements have in their outer shell?

A

7

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10
Q

what are the 2 properties of halogens?

A

-gases at room temp (only the top of group 7)
-solids at room temp (only the bottom of group 7)

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11
Q

do the melting and boiling points of halogens decrease or increase as you go down the group and why?

A

increase with increasing relative atomic mass. larger atoms have stronger intermolecular forces so more energy is needed to turn it into a gas.

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12
Q

does the reactivity in halogens increase or decrease as you go down the group and why?

A

decrease. halogens gain one electron for a full outer shell, it’s harder down the group because the number of shells decrease, it’s harder to gain an electron because it’s less attached to the positive nucleus.

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13
Q

what do halogens and non metals form?

A

molecular compounds, they share electrons (covalent bond)

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14
Q

what do halogens form when reacting with metals?

A

ionic compounds

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15
Q

what is group 0 also known as?

A

nobel gases

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16
Q

what are nobel gases at room temp?

A

colourless gases

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17
Q

does the melting point of noble gases increase or decrease as you go down the group?

A

increase with increasing relative atomic mass. larger atoms have stronger intermolecular forces between them, they need more energy to overcome the forces and turn into a gas.

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18
Q

how do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

bubble it through limewater, if carbon dioxide is present then the limewater will turn cloudy

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19
Q

how do you test for oxygen?

A

a glowing splint will relight when exposed to oxygen. place a glowing splint in a test tube of oxygen and the splint will relight

20
Q

how do you test for hydrogen?

A

put a lit splint in a test tube of hydrogen and there will be a squeaky pop sound that tells you that hydrogen is present

21
Q

how do you test for chlorine?

A

expose it to damp litmus paper.

22
Q

why are noble gases inert?

A

they exist as single atoms, they don’t easily form a molecule. they have a full outer shell (stable)

23
Q

does the melting point of noble gases increase or decrease as you go down the group?

A

increase with increasing relative atomic mass. larger atoms have stronger intermolecular forces between them, they need more energy to overcome the forces and turn into a gas.

24
Q

how do you test for hydrogen?

A

put a lit splint in a test tube of hydrogen and there will be a squeaky pop sound that tells you that hydrogen is present

25
Q

Which factor determines the reactivity of a metal?

A

How easily the atoms of that element lose their outer electrons

26
Q

what is the order of the reactivity series?

A

please- potassium
send- sodium
crazy-calcium
monkeys-magnesium
and- alluminium
crazy- carbon
zebras-zinc
in-iron
to-tin
hot-hydrogen
countries-copper
signed-sulfur
gordon- gold
p-platinum

27
Q

what colour is fluorine at room temp?

A

yellow gas

28
Q

what colour is chorine at room temp?

A

green gas

29
Q

what colour is bromine at room temp?

A

red-brown liquid

30
Q

what colour is iodine at room temp?

A

grey solid

31
Q

when alkali metals are put in water what is produced?

A

hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides

32
Q

what do alkali metals form when they react with non metals?

A

ionic compounds

33
Q

when alkalis react with oxygen what do they form?

A

metal oxides

34
Q

what are halogens?

A

non-metals

35
Q

the halogens at the top of the group 7 are what at room temperature?

A

gases at room temperature

36
Q

what are halogens at the bottom of group 7 at room temperature?

A

solids at room temperature

37
Q

why does boiling and melting point increase as you go down group 7?

A

the larger atoms have stronger intermolecular forces between them this means they need more energy to overcome their forces

38
Q

what do halogens form with other non metals?

A

molecular compounds (they also form a covalent bond)

39
Q

when halogens react with metals what do they form?

A

ionic compounds

40
Q

when halogens react with metals what do they form?

A

ionic compounds

41
Q

A more reactive halogen can…

A

displace a less reactive one

42
Q

how can displacement reactions be recognised?

A

by a colour change

43
Q

what are nobel gases known as?

A

-unreactive
-colourless gases at room temperature

44
Q

why are nobel gases unreactive?

A

they have a full outer shell of electrons

45
Q

the melting and boiling points of noble gases…

A

increase as you go down the group

46
Q

why do noble gases melting and boiling points increase down the group?

A

larger atoms have stronger intermolecular forces, so they require more energy to break their bonds

chemistry (3 decks)

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