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Chemistry > C4 ~ Chemical Reactants and Products > Flashcards

C4 ~ Chemical Reactants and Products Flashcards

1
Q

1 what are the 6 metals in group 1

A

lithium
sodium
potassium
rubidium
cesium
francium

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2
Q

1 what happens when lithium reacts with water

A

floats on water
gives off hydrogen gas
bubbles on water
effervescence
dissolves eventually
moving around surface
lithium + water -> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Li + 2H2O -> 2LiOH + H2

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3
Q

1 what happens when sodium reacts with water

A

more vigorous reaction
bubbling faster
moving quicker around surface
forms a sphere
heat softens it
more heat produced
sodium + water -> sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
2Na + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2

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4
Q

1 what happens when potassium reacts with water

A

hydrogen catches fire- lilac flame
potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
2K + 2H2O -> 2KOH + H2

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5
Q

1 why do lithium, sodium, and potassium float on water

A

they have a lower density

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6
Q

1 what properties are similar to other metals

A

shiny when freshly cut
conduct electricity
solid at room temperature

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7
Q

1 what properties make alkali metals unusual in comparison?

A

relatively low melting and boiling point
relatively low density
very soft (softer moving down group)

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8
Q

1 what happens when you react lithium, sodium and potassium with oxygen

A

Lithium + oxygen -> lithium oxide
sodium + oxygen -> sodium oxide
potassium + oxygen -> potassium oxide

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9
Q

1 why are group 1 metals more reactive as you go down the group

A

the outer shell electron gets further away from the nucleus
it loses its nuclear reactivity meaning its easier to get lost
this increases the reactivity of the metal
nucleus also has more protection from the fuller outer shells going down the group

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10
Q

2 what does helium mean - normal connotations?
neon
argon
krypton
xenon
radon

A

helium - sun - party balloons
neon - new - signs
argon - idle - insulating windows
krypton - hidden - lasers, eye surgery
xenon - stranger - bright lights
radon - radioactive - killing cancerous cells

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11
Q

2 what is the electron configuration for helium, neon and argon?

A

helium = 2
neon = 2.8
argon = 2.8.8

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12
Q

2 how do you figure out number of neutrons

what is the atomic number

what is the mass number

A

mass number - atomic number

number of protons = no of electrons

protons and neutrons

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13
Q

2 do boiling points increase or decrease?

does density increase or decrease as you go down the group?

A

boiling points increase

density increases

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14
Q

2 noble gases

A

they are mono atomic
very weak forces of attraction
low boiling points as forces are easily overcome by heating

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15
Q

2 noble gases density

A

they have low density
atoms are far apart in the gasses

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16
Q

2 does boiling point increase or decrease down the group

does density increase or decrease down the group

A

increase as forces of attraction get stronger

density increases down the group

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17
Q

3 what is group 7 also called

A

halogens

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18
Q

3 what does … look like?
fluorine
chlorine
bromine
iodine
astatine

A

fluorine - yellow gas - pale
chlorine - green gas
bromine - orange liquid - rusty
iodine - grey solid - purple vapour
astatine - dull black solid

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19
Q

3 what are halogens

A

in group 7
all have 7 electrons in their outer shells
bonding is covalent
all atomics are diatomic

20
Q

3 what non metallic properties do halogens have?

A

bad conductors of heat and electricity
good insulators
variety of states at room temperature
brittle if solid

21
Q

3 why is chlorine less reactive then fluorine

A

the nuclear bond gets weaker because the outer shell gets further away from the positive nucleus

22
Q

3 what is the general ionic equation for halogens reacting?

A

X2 + 2e- -> 2X-1

23
Q

3 what type of reaction is with a halogen

A

reduction because electron are gained

24
Q

3 does reactivity increase or decrease down the group

A

decrease as the atoms get larger and outer shell gets pushed further away from the nucleus
attraction gets weaker so an electron is less easily gained

25
Q

3 how do you make a metal halide with a halogen

A

lithium + fluorine -> lithium fluoride
2Li + Fl2 -> 2LiF
Sodium + chlorine -> sodium chloride
2Na + Cl2 -> 2NaCl

26
Q

3 what happens when you react potassium chloride with
chlorine
bromine
iodine

A

chlorine
- clear/nothing
bromine
-no reaction/ lighter due to solution
iodine
-stayed orange brown

27
Q

3 what happens when you react potassium bromide with
chlorine
bromine
iodine

A

chlorine YES
-slightly yellow/very subtle/pale
bromine
-clear/nothing/stayed yellow
iodine
-yellow/no reaction

28
Q

3 what happens when you react potassium iodide with
chlorine
bromine
iodine

A

chlorine YES
-dark yellow/orange/quick reaction
bromine YES
-dark yellow
iodine
-yellow/no reaction

29
Q

3 compare group 1 and group 7

how many outer shell electrons

metal or non metals

A

group 1 = 1 / metal
group 7 = 7 / non-metal

30
Q

3 compare group 1 and group 7

what happens to melting points

what happens to reactivity

A

group 1 = lower as you go down / more reactive as you go down
group 7 = higher as you go down / less reactive as you go down

31
Q

3 compare group 1 and group 7

good conductors of heat and electricity

ionic reaction?

A

group 1 = good conductor / lose 1 outer shell electron
group 7 = bad conductor / gain 1 outer shell electron

32
Q

3 what happens if a halogen is added to a compound with a less reactive metal?

A

potassium bromide + chlorine -> potassium chloride + bromine

33
Q

4 what is a displacement reaction

A

when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element in a compound
metals with react with metals in compounds in a solution this way
halogens will react with halide ions in a solution in this way

34
Q

4 what will magnesium displace?
magnesium sulfate
zinc sulfate
iron sulfate
copper sulfate

A

1 - no reaction
2 - yes
3 - yes
4 - yes

35
Q

4 what will zinc displace?
magnesium sulfate
zinc sulfate
iron sulfate
copper sulfate

A

1 - no
2 - no reaction
3 - yes
4 - yes

36
Q

4 what will iron displace?
magnesium sulfate
zinc sulfate
iron sulfate
copper sulfate

A

1 - no
2 - no
3 - no reaction
4 - yes

37
Q

4 what will copper displace?
magnesium sulfate
zinc sulfate
iron sulfate
copper sulfate

A

1 - no
2 - no
3 - no
4 - no reaction

38
Q

4 zinc sulfate + magnesium -> ?
iron sulfate + zinc -> ?
copper sulfate + iron -> ?
zinc sulfate + copper -> ?

A

zinc sulfate + magnesium -> magnesium sulfate + zinc
iron sulfate + zinc -> zinc sulfate + iron
copper sulfate + iron -> iron sulfate + copper
zinc sulfate + copper -> zinc sulfate + copper

39
Q

4 what are the chemical symbols for the reactivity series?
potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
zinc
iron
tin
lead
(hydrogen)
copper
silver
gold
platinum

A

K
Na
Ca
Mg
Al
Zn
Fe
Sn
Pb
H
Cu
Ag
Au
Pt

40
Q

4 magnesium + calcium chloride -> ?
iron + silver nitrate -> ?

A

calcium chloride + magnesium
iron nitrate + silver

41
Q

4 what is a thermite reaction?

A

used to produce molten iron in a particular place; used to fill in gaps in railways

42
Q

4 Universal formula for displacement reactions

A

A + BC -> AC + B

43
Q

4 What are the tests for Hyrdogen

A

Squeaky pop
light a splint and if it pops near gas, hydrogen is present

44
Q

4 what is the test for oxygen

A

place a glowing splint in pure oxygen causing it to relight

45
Q

4 what is the test for carbon dioxide

A

bubble the CO2 through lime water
it will turn cloudy

46
Q

4 what is the test for chlorine

A

hold damp blue litmus paper bear gas and it will bleach
smell for chlorine

Chemistry (7 decks)

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