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C5-Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Meals can be placed in order of reactivitty …

A

by their reactions with water and dilute acid .

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2
Q

How do Potassium , SOdiuma nd Lithiumr eact iwth ater

A

very rapidly produce alkaline solutions .
Dilute acids - dangerously explode

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3
Q

How does magnesium ,aluminumm , zinc iron react ith water

A

very slow reaction .
dilute acids - fizz give off h ydrogen gass and forms alt .

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4
Q

How do tin and lead react with water ?

A

slight reaction with steam ,
dilute acids - slowlh

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5
Q

hwo do copper silver gold reaction water

A

no reactio evenw ith steam .
dilute acids no reaction

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6
Q

How do you work out the reactivityof a metal .

A

-When metals react , they lose electons and form positive ions .
-the reacticity of it a metal depends on its ability to lose electrons and form a positive ion
Potassium has the biggest aiity to form a positive ion and copper with the least.

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7
Q

What is the displacement rule ?

A

-A more reactive element will push put (displace) a less reactive element from its compound .
Magnesium + Iron oxide —> Magnesium oxide6Iron .

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8
Q

What is oxidation ?

A

Loss of electrons .

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9
Q

What is Reduction ?

A

Gain of electrons .

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10
Q

Check sheet and see what elements have eben oxidised and what has gained electrons write half euqaions .

A

-zinc has een oxidised
-copper has .been reduced

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11
Q

Unreactive metals are …

A

Like Gold aare found in the Earths crust as the metal itself (as Gold is so unreactive ) .

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12
Q

Metls react with oxygen …

A

to form compounds
Iron Oxidde Copper Oxide .

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13
Q

What cna displace Iron ?

A

Any metlas more reactive than Iron can dispalce Iron

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14
Q

State the products
What is oxidised
and what is reduced in this reaction ?
Lithim +Magnesium Oxide—>

A

Lithium Oxide + Magneisum .
Lithiumm gains oxygen so is being oxidiised
and magensiumm is reduced

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15
Q

What are the three acids used a lot in Chemistry ?

A

Hydrochloric acis HCL
Sulfuric Acid H2S04
Nitric Acid H2O3
All acids contain hydrgoen .

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16
Q

How can hydrogen be displaced ?

A

All metals higher than hydrogen can dispalce hydorgena s it is more rective than hydrogen /

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17
Q

acid +metal

A

—> salt +hydrogen

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18
Q

What two Salts do u need to know ?

A

Hydrochloric Acid - salt formed - Choride CL-ions
Sulfuric accid -salt form-Sulfate S042- ions

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19
Q

What three metals can you be asked , reaction with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid .

A

Magnesium , zinc and iron .

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20
Q

write the reactions with sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid for magnesium , zinc and iron .

A

Check sheet .
HCL HAS 2 INFRONT OF IT .

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21
Q

How does magnesium react with acid why ?

A

Rapdily , as magneisum is a lot more reactive than hydrogen . And easily forms magnesium 2+ ions .

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22
Q

How does Zinc react with hydrogen ?

A

Quie rapidly as Zinc is more reactive . ANd quiet easily forms Zn2+iions .

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23
Q

How does Iron rect with Hydrogen ?

A

Iron reacts filry slowlyw ith acid , as iron is onl slightly more reactive than hydrogen . IRON LESS EASILY FORMS 2+IONS .

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24
Q

What are acids ?

A

Acids produces HydrogeN ions (h+) in an aqueous solution .

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25
based on acid defenition , how does hydrochloric acid split ?
HCL---> H+ + Cl-
26
Based on acid defenition , how does sulphuric acid split ?
H2SO4--->2H+ +So4two minus .
27
Foor hydrochloric acid reavtion with zinc , iron and magnesium , what is oxidisied what is reudced ?
Chec sheet Magnesium , iron , zinc (metals) loose electrons they are OXIDISED .Looses two . Hydrogen is Reduced gaisn two electrrons . (write all of them out )
28
What is the required practial about ?
How to make soluble salt using an acid .
29
What is a salt ?
A salt is compoound formed when spme of the hydrogen in an acid is repalced by a metal . a salt is made from a positive metal ions and a negative ion from an acid .
30
RQP What is the positive ion , what is the negative ion .
Copper Oxide +Sulfuric Acid ---> Copper Sulfate +water Metal[positive ion Cu2+ Negative ion -So2- you need sulphuric acid to make this Can be done using COPPER OXIDE OR COPPER CARBONAE , SAME STEPS .
31
First stage of RQP ?
Start with a fixed volume of dilute sulfuric acid . -this is a limiting reactant .
32
Why is the sulfuric acid a limtiign reactant ?
-As we don;t want any excess ulfuric acid as it can contaminate our salt .
33
Second stage of RQP ?
Gently heat acid until its almsot boiling (dont want ubbling over as it dangerous when adding oother reactan ).
34
Third stage of RQP ?
Using a spatula , add small amounts of copper oxide to the acid .
35
fourth stage of RQP ?
stir solution using a glass rod .
36
fifth stage of RQP ?
Copper oxide will react and seem to disappera . -Solution will turn blue colour , colour of copper sulfae , -continue adding copper oxdie if solotuion continues to be a clear blue .
37
sixth stage of RQP ?
stop adding copper oxide if some powder remains after stirring . -at this point , reaction has topped all acid has reacted .
38
seventh stage of RQP ?
Using filtiration , remove any unreaced copper oxide .
39
eigth stage of RQP ?
Take copper sulfate solution and palce in evaporating bain . -Genlt heat over beaker of boiign ater , heat until half of solution remains .
40
ninth stage of RQP ?
-Leave solution for 24 hrs in cool place for copper sulfate crystals to form . -Scrape crystals into paper townel , gently pat dry and no ou have pure dry copper sulfate crystals .
41
Equipment needed for the RQP ?
-Heat proof mat Tripod Bunsen burner Gauze Beaker FILITRIRATION Filter paper and filter funnel Copper oxide is a bblack powder .
42
What is this RQP an example of ?
Neutralisation Acid+base ---> salt +water also same for CARBONATE Acid+Carbonate ---> a salt+water +carbondioxide
43
What are bases ?
Bases are chemiclas which can neutralise acids and porduce salt + water. Bases are usually meal oxides or metal hydroxides .
44
Whata re alklais ?
Bases that are soluble in water . (sodium hydroxide) is a base and an alkali .
45
What do alkalis produce is aqueous solution (oH-)
Sodium Hydroixde : NaOH---> NA+ OH-
46
What are the rpducts Nitric acid +lithium hydroixxide
Lithium nitrate and water . nitric acids forms nitrates
47
acid +alkali
---> salt +water
48
acid +carbonate
---> a salt + water + caarbondioxide
49
examples of carbonates ?
Sodium Carbonate Calcium Carbonate Potassium Carbonate all contian a metal ion
50
hydrochlroic aicd+sodium carbonate
---> sodium chlirde +water+carbon dioxidie do the same form calcium carbonate and potassim carbonate .
51
Predict the products Hydrochloric acid +Copeprcarbonate --->
Copper Chirde+Water+Co2
52
What is the Ph scale ?
Ph sclae tells us the acidity or alkalinity of a soloution eiehther we use a pH proble (electronically ) or universlsal indictor (changes color dpeending or acidic , alkaline or neutral ).
53
Universal Indicator Colours ;
Green -neutral Colours toward red - acidic colours towards purple -alkaline
54
acids have a ph ...
less than 7
55
solutions with a ph of 7 are ...
neutral
56
solutions witha ph 8-14
are alkaline ,
57
reaction betwene acids and alkalines ? NEUTRALISIATION EQUATION ACC
acids produce Hdrogen ions form H+ ions in aquoeus solutions alkalnes Hydroixide ions form Oh-ions H+ + OH----> water hydrogen and hdyroxide ions form water .
58
What are strong acids ?
Strong cids fully ionise in aqueopus soltioions . (Lower Ph than weak acidd as hydrgogen ions fully ionise ) due to one way arrow --->.
59
What are weak acids ?
Partially ionise in aqueous solotuions . (higher ph) Ph scale gives idea of cocnentration of hydrogen ions . arrow reversible reaction shows not alla cid molecules fully ionise .
60
example of strong acid
hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid nitric acid
61
example of weak acids
carbonic acid ethanoic acid citric acids
62
Why do stronger acids have a lower ph than weak acids ?
BECAUSE , strong acids fullyy ionise , porducing a greater concentration of h ydrogen ions than weak acids .
63
As the PH scale decreses by one unit ...
the concentration of hydroge ions increase by ten times . ph1 has a 10x greater concentrtion than ph2 ONE ORDER OF MAGNITUDE AKAA AS . and has a 100x greater concentration than ph3 TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITDE AKA AS
64
wHAT ELSE IS PH EFFECTED BY ?
tHE COCNENTRATION OF AN ACID ,M TELS US THE AMOUNTO F ACID MOLECULES INA GIVEN VOLUME OF SOLUTION . -a DILUTE ACID WILL HAVE FEWE CID MOLECULES IN A GIVEN VOLUEME THAN A COCNENTRACED CID , EVEN IF THE STENGTH OF THE ACID IS THE SAM E.

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