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Chemistry > C5: chemical changes > Flashcards

C5: chemical changes Flashcards

1
Q

what does reactivity mean

A

how vigorously a substance chemically reacts

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2
Q

how can metals be ordered by their reactivity

A

by comparing their reactions with water, acid, or oxygen

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3
Q

what name is given to a list of metals ordered by their reactivity

A

reactivity series

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4
Q

in terms of electrons, what makes some metals more reactive than others

A

they lose their outer shell electrons more easily

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5
Q

why are gold and silver found naturally as elements in the earth’s crust

A

they are very unreactive

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6
Q

what is an ore

A

rock containing enough of a metal compound to be economically worth extracting

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7
Q

how are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their ores

A

reduction with carbon

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8
Q

in terms of oxygen, what is oxidation

A

addition of oxygen

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9
Q

in terms of oxygen what is reduction

A

removal of oxygen

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10
Q

why can metals like potassium and aluminium not be extracted by reduction with carbon

A

because they are more reactive than carbon

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11
Q

how are metals more reactive than carbon extracted from their ores

A

electrolysis

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12
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

a more reactive substance takes the place of a less reactive substance in a compound

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13
Q

what is an ionic equation

A

equation which gives some substances as ions and has spectator ions removed

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14
Q

what type of substance is given as ions in an ionic equation

A

ionic compounds in solution

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15
Q

what is a spectator ion

A

ion that is unchanged in a reaction

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16
Q

what is a half equation

A

equation that shows whether a substance is losing or gaining electrons

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17
Q

in terms of electrons what is oxidation

A

loss of electrons

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18
Q

in terms of electrons what is reduction

A

gain of electrons

19
Q

in terms of pH what is an acid

A

a solution with a pH of less than 7

20
Q

in terms of pH what is a neutral solution

A

a solution with a pH of 7

21
Q

in terms of H+ ions what is an acid

A

a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

22
Q

how is the amount of H+ ions in a solution related to it’s pH

A

the more H+ ions, the lower the pH

23
Q

what are the names and formulae of three main acids

A

hydrochloric acid,HCl, sulfuric acid,H₂SO₄, nitric acid, HNO₃

24
Q

how do you measure the pH of a substance

A

universal indicator or pH probe

25
Q

what is a strong acid

A

an acid where the molecules or ions completely ionise in water

26
Q

what is a weak acid

A

an acid where the molecules or ions partially ionise in water

27
Q

what is a salt

A

compound formed when a metal ion takes the place of a hydrogen ion in an acid

28
Q

which type of salts fo sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid acid form

A

sulfates,chlorides,nitrates

29
Q

what are the products of a reaction between a metal and an acid

A

salt + hydrogen

30
Q

what are the products of a reaction between a metal hydroxide and an acid

A

salt + water

31
Q

what are the products of a reaction between a metal oxide and an acid

A

salt + water

32
Q

what are the products of a reaction between a metal carbonate and an acid

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

33
Q

what is a base

A

substance that reacts with acids in neutralisation reactions

34
Q

what is an alkali

A

substance that dissolves in water to form a solution above pH 7

35
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction

A

a reaction between an acid and a base to produce water

36
Q

what is the ionic equation for a reaction between an acid and an alkali

A

H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)

37
Q

how do you obtain a solid salt from a solution

A

crystallisation

38
Q

when an acid reacts with a metal, which species is oxidised

A

the metal

39
Q

when an acid reacts with a metal which species is oxidised

A

hydrogen

40
Q

what are the four state symbols and what do they stand for

A

(s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous or dissolved in water

41
Q

what is the formula for sulfate

A

SO4 2-

42
Q

What is the formula for nitrate

A

NO3

43
Q

what is the formula for carbonate

A

CO3 2-

44
Q

what is the formula for hydrochloric

A

HCl

Chemistry (13 decks)

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